1. Unifying Principles of Biology
Mr. Plazak

2. What is Biology? Biology is the study of living things or LIFE!
What do all living things have in common?
Movement? DNA? Cells?

3. Commonalities All living things have 6 characteristics.
These are found in all living things from baby to adult

4. 1st Principle – Evolution
Natural Selection- facilitator of evolution – characteristics most favorable – live on.
ALL living “things” have evolved or are currently evolving.
These changes eventually lead to changes and different populations that have diverse characteristics.

5. 2nd Principle - Homeostasis
Ability of organisms to maintain an internal balance.
All organisms “control” their internal systems in response to their surroundings.
Examples: sweating, stomata, anoles, adrenaline, shivering.

6. 3rd Principle - Organization
All living systems are highly organized forms of matter.
Most living things are made up of mostly just a few atoms – carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus and sulfur
Cells- the basic structural unit of living matter.

7. cont’d Organization… All living things NEED energy!
Energy is needed to build and repair highly organized structures – cells!
Dead things have their organization broken down.

8. 4th Principle - Continuity
The ability of an organism to transfer it’s DNA, and give it to it’s offspring – REPRODUCTION!
Sexual or asexual.
Genetic information is carried/stored by DNA – a long and complex molecule.
DNA is just a rearrangement of the same pieces and parts – wardrobe ex.

9. 5th Principle - Development
The ability of an organism to grow and develop.
Change of formation/function of structures.
Ex. – humans and plants, p. 126

10. 6th Principle - Ecology All living things interact in a web of life.
Some live in communities.
Some help each other, others hurt.
Interaction and Interdependence in living systems.

11. Classification of Living Organisms

12. Naming Things
Swede botanist Carolus Linnaeus is credited for the current system – in Latin.
The largest group will be the Kingdom – the 5 Kingdoms…ex. Animalia
The organism is then sub-divided into a phylum of that kingdom…ex. Chordata

13. …cont’d Naming
After a phylum – divided into a class with similar characteristics….ex. Mammalia
Class then divided into an order…ex. Carnivora

14. More Naming Order then divided into a family….ex. Canidae
Family then divided into a Genus…ex. Canis
Genus then sub divided into species…ex. familiaris

15. How to Remember King Kingdom Phillip Phylum Came Class Over Order
For Family
Grape Genus
Soda Species