1. 1 October 2008 Finish Chapter 6 C Synapses Do most of Chapter 6 D Structure of the Nervous System Status of Test 1 Grading of 96of 33of 3of 52of 154 % Endo% Gluose% Therm% Neuro% MC average84.784.677.882.984.1 stdev9.311.328.09.08.7 sem1.31.63.91.31.2 median86881008386 max100 9899 min665506065 count51 Test # 1 Results from Multiple Choice Short answers not completely graded; expect SA section to count about 20% of Test 1 Grade

2. Figure 6.32 Priority by proximity Demo: Blake is the axon hillock! Diagram on Board: Degree of depolarization above threshold is proportional to frequency of action potentials.

3. Figure 6.33 Presynaptic Facilitation Presynaptic Inhibition Who Cares? Diagram of descending pathway from periaqueductal gray matter to suppress afferent pain via presynaptic inhibition. Example: cut to abdomen. Mechanism: vary Ca++ entry in presynaptic terminal B.

4. Figure 6.34 An example: Parkinsonism Recall AChE and MAO & SSRI

5. Figure 6.35 Pharmacological agents intended to act in brain must be able to cross blood-brain barrier. Who Cares? Treatments for Parkinsonism: fetal neuronal transplants, electrical stimulation, tablets of L-Dopa (which crosses the BBB) unlike Dopamine (which would have widespread effects.)

6. Figure 6.36 Glutamate receptor subtypes named for their agonists.

7. Begin Chapter 6 D Structure of Nervous System

8. Figure 6.37 Nerves & Ganglia Tracts, pathways, commissures & Nuclei Control of digestive functions in quadraplegics via enteric nervous system.

9. Figure 6.38

10. Figure 6.39 Components of gray matter

11. Table 6.07 How do we know the functions of various brain regions? Correlations of deficits of stroke victims with brain regions affected. Analogy: experiments to discover the function of a battery in a car.