1. Narration/ Speech/Narrative Style (উক্তি)
TODAY’S LESSON
Narration/ Speech/Narrative Style
(উক্তি)

2. 1. Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি) 2. Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)
সংজ্ঞা:- বক্তা যা বলেন তা-ই Speech বা Narration .
Narration দুই প্রকার। যথাঃ-
1. Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি)
2. Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)
Direct Speech এর আবার দুটো অংশ। যথাঃ-
1. Reporting Verb
2. Reported Speech

3. Direct ও Indirect Speech এর ব্যাখ্যাঃ
Direct Speech: বক্তার ভাষ্যকে অবিকল তার নিজের ভাষায় ব্যক্ত করাকে বলা হয় Direct Speech বা Direct Narration. Direct Speech-কে সব সময় Inverted comma (“ ”) এর মধ্যে রাখা হয়। যেমনঃ- Sabrina says, “ I am fine.” Indirect Speech:-বক্তার ভাষ্যকে হুবহু উদ্ধৃত না করে অর্থ ঠিক রেখে নিজের মত করে পরোক্ষ ভাবে প্রকাশ করাকে বলা হয় Indirect Speech. যেমনঃ- Sabrina says that she is fine.

4. Reporting verb ও Reported Speech এর ব্যাখ্যাঃ
* যে Verb দিয়ে বক্তার বক্তব্য শুরু হয় , তাকে Reporting Verb বলে।
* Inverted comma- এর মধ্যে যে Sentence বা উদ্ধৃতাংশ থাকে, তাকে Reported Speech বলে।
Nupur said, “ I wrote a letter.”
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech

5. Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়মঃ
Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তনের সময় Tense,
Person ইত্যাদির নানাবিধ পরিবর্তন সাধন করতে হয়। নিম্নে এ সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত
আলোচনা করা হলঃ
Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম
R--01: Direct Speech এর Reporting Verb যদি Present কিংব Future Tense এর হয় তবে Indricet Speech এ Reported Speech এর Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবেনা। শুধু মাত্র Inverted comma (“ ”) উঠাতে হয় এবং এর পরিবর্তে একটি that বসাতে হয়। যেমনঃ-
Di: He says, “ I am ill.”
Indi: He says that heis ill.
Di:-Joy will say, “ I did not read attentively.
Indi: Joy will say that he did not read attentively.

6. R-2: Direct Speech এর Reporting Verb যদি Past Tense এর হয় তবে
Indirect Speech এ Reported Speech এর Verb টি ও অনুরুপ PastTense
এর হবে। যেমনঃ Di: Rana said, “ I am fine.”
Indi: Rana said that he was fine.
Di: Raseda said, “ I have done the work.”
Indi: Raseda said that she had done the work.
Reporting Verb Past Tense হলে Reported Speech ও Tense অনুযায়ী
পরিবর্তন হবে। নিচের ছক টি লক্ষ্য কর।

7. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Reporting Verb
Reported Speech
Reported Speech যে Tense এ পরিবর্তিত হবেঃ
Present Indefinite Tense
Past Indefinite Tense -- এ P A S T E N
Present ContinuousTense
Past ContinuousTense -- এ
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense -- এ
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense -- এ
Past Indefinite Tense
Past continuous Tense
Past Perfect & Past Perfect Continuous Tense
No change
Future Tense
Future in Past Tense --- এ

8. নিচের উদাহরণ গুলো লক্ষ্য কর
Di: Motin said, “I see the moon.” Indi: Motin said that he saw the moon. Di: Nazma said, “I am eating rice.” Indi: Nazma said that she was eating rice. Di: Nozrul said, “I have gone to school.” Indi: Nozrul said that he had gone to school. Di: Jamal said, “I have been reading for two hours.” Indi: Jamal said that he had been reading for two hours. Di: Liza said, “I did the work.” Indi: Liza said that she had done the work. Di: Sihab said, “I was passing through a deep forest.” Indi: Sihab said that had been passing through a deep forest.

9. Person পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম
ReportedSpeech এর Ist person (I,we,my,me,us,our) Reporting Verb এর Subject এর Person,Number ও Gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। যেমনঃ- Di: He says, “ I know how to swim.” Indi: He says that he knows how to swim. Di: Soma said to me, “ I have completed my lesson.” Indi: Soma said to me that she had completed her lesson. Reported Speech এর 2nd person (you,your) Reporting Verb এর Object এর Person, Number ও Gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। যেমনঃ- Di: He said to me, “ You have completed your lesson.” Indi: He said to me that I had completed my lesson. Di: My father said to me, “You do not take your breakfast.” Indi: My father said to me that I did not take my breakfast

10. Class Work Change the Narration
1. Di: Munni said, “ We are going to school.”
2. Di: He said to me, “You did the sum.”
3. Di: Hasan said, “I have eaten a mango.”
4. Di: She said to me, “ I will give you my pen.”
5. Di: Sweety said to Keya, “ I can help you.”
6. Di: Liza said, “ I shall go to America along with my parents.”

11. Answer:
Indi: Munni said that they were going to school.
Indi: He said to me that I had done the sum.
Indi: Hasan said that he had eaten rice.
Indi: She told me that she would give me her pen.
Indi: Sweety told Keya that she could help her (K).
Indi: Liza said that she would go to America along with her
parents.

12. Now the Class is End Thank You All