1. Joint Anatomy Connected to another bone Hold skeleton together Allow flexibility

2. FIBROUS JOINTS Immovable Ex. Suture – connective tissue that connects bones of the skull

3. Cartilaginous Joints Slightly movable Symphysis – flattened disks joining bony surfaces. Ex. Pubic symphysis and intervetebral disks

4. SYNOVIAL JOINTS Great degree of movement Parts of: Synovial sac – filled with synovial fluid Tendons and ligaments Meisci – cresent shaped cartilage Bursae – fluid filled sacs to ease friction between tendons, ligaments and bones

5. Synovial Joints: General Structure

6. Types of Synovial Joints Gliding – articulating surfaces are flat

7. Hinge joints Elbow, knee, Permit movement back and forth.

8. Pivot Joint Axis and atlas Movement – rotation around an axis

9. Ball and socket joint Hips and shoulders Most movement

10. Synovial Joint Movements Flexion Bending, decrease angle of a joint Extension Extension – straightening, increase angle of joint

11. Abduction vs adduction Abduction – moving away from midline Adduction – moving toward midline

12. Plantar Flexion vs. dorsiflexion Pointing toe Dorsiflexion – toes point up.

13. Circumduction Moving in a circular manner

14. Invert vs. Evert Inversion – turning inward Eversion – turning outward

15. Special Movements Supination and Pronation – refer to movements of radius around the ulna (also applied to foot movements)

16. Special Movements Inversion and Eversion Protraction and Retraction

17. Knee - hinge joint

18. Knee Injury – ACL repair

19. Harvest piece of patellar tendon

20. Drill hole for new graft

21. Actual ACL Surgery http://orthopedics.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsi te.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthrosco py.com%2Fsp05018.htm

22. ACL injuries occur Changing direction rapidly Slowing down when running Landing from a jump Direct contact, such as in a football tackle

23. Knee replacement