1. US History
Chapter 7
Section 1

2. Separately United State Constitutions Limiting Power
Constitution – plan of government
1776 – 8 State Constitutions
1777 – New York and Georgia constitutions
1780 – Massachusetts constitution
Connecticut and Rhode Island retain charters
Limiting Power
Many states limit the governor’s power
Bicameral – two-house legislature
Elections for legislators
White males, 21 or over, owned property, and paid taxes

3. Republic…an Government
Republic – a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
Central Government vs. Independent Countries
Articles of Confederation – written by the Second Continental Congress for the purpose of centralized government
States retained power, but remained united
Government (Congress) conducted foreign affairs, maintained armed forces, borrowed money, and issued currency
In order to raise money, Congress had to ask the states
No chief executive
Each state was equally represented
March 13, 1781 – Articles became the government of US

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DFS 7-1

5. We Have Landed… Petition – to apply to The Ordinance of 1785
New Western land separated into smaller pieces
Once the population of an area was larger than the population of the smallest state, they could become a state
The Ordinance of 1785
Ordinance – law
Land north of the Ohio River was divided into plots and sold at auction for at least a $1
Richard Henry Lee – president of Congress
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Northwest Territory – land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River
Ability for the 3-5 territories to apply for statehood at 60,000
Slavery banned from this area

6. Mo’ Money; Mo’ Problems
Issues:
Revolutionary War money was nearly worthless
Depreciated – fallen in value
Congress could not levy taxes, and it had no gold or silver reserves
The War created an enormous debt
States contributed little to the Congress
Robert Morris – leader of the department of finance
Asked for a 5% tax on imported goods
After two votes, Congress did not approve the tax

7. School Bullies Problems with Britain Problems with Spain
British troops remained in land owned by US
Britain was not trading with the US in the West Indies
John Adams – sent to Britain to discuss
Britain did not hold its end of the Treaty of Paris, because American was not holding up its end
Britain = move out of US area; US = please give Loyalists land back
Problems with Spain
Spain closed the lower Mississippi River for trade
John Jay – American secretary of foreign affairs
Diplomats reached an agreement with Spain, but Congress did not approve because Southern states
“First President” – John Hanson
Under the articles of Confederation
Presided over the Congress – Technically, Speaker of the House

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Checking for Understanding
Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left.
__ 1. a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
__ 2. a law or regulation
__ 3. consisting of two houses, or chambers, especially in a legislature
__ 4. a formal request
__ 5. a formal plan of government C E B D A
A. constitution
B. bicameral
C. republic
D. petition
E. ordinance
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Section 1-31