1. ANALYZING THEORIES OF CRIME Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Title Date

2. DEFINITION OF CRIME Crime is an action that constitutes an offense that can be punishable by the law since it is considered to be shameful, wrong, or evil. This is referred to as a crime against humanity. Crime against someone includes threat of force against person. For example, threatening to hurt person, murder, sexual assault, kidnapping, robbery, and some road accidents that leads to death. Crime against property involves unlawfully taking somebody’s property or deliberately damaging someone’s property. Property offense can or can not include violence against someone. Some examples of property crime is stealing somebody’s car, or breaking person’s window. Other types of crimes include: arson, weapon possession, motor vehicle offences, and drug offenses.

3. 2008 CRIME IN THE UNITED STATES The versions of the crime in the United States have been accessible on the FBI’s website since 1996.The first transferable document format files is currently in hypertext rack up language files. An UCR program collects supporting data about the crimes for example, the day and the time of burglaries (Beaver & Walsh, 2011). The UCR program personnel is committed to developing their annual publications in order to collect data better to meet the requirements of the law enforcement, sociologists, criminologists, legislators, media, municipal planners, and students criminal justice research, and planning purposes.

4. ANALYZING THEORIES OF CRIME Crime is the offenses that are recognized to the law enforcement. The uniform crime reporting programs help to collect the offenses that appear to the attention of the law enforcement for the property and violent crime.UCR programs collects supporting data about the crimes for example, the day and the time of burglaries. The largest offense data also comprise of the trends in both offense volume and crime rate for every 100,000 inhabitants (Rafter, 2008). UCR also assembles the expanded homicide records that include the information regarding the homicide victims and criminals, weapons that were used, the conditions surrounding the crime, and the justifiable homicides.

5. TYPES OF CRIMES Violent crime - These crimes involve offenses such as robbery, forcible rape, murder, and aggravated assault violent crimes that are defined in the UCR program as the force of threat offense. Property crime – These crimes involve the offenses such as burglary, arson, motor vehicle theft, and larceny-theft. These crimes it also includes taking property or money, but there is no threat of force between the victims. The FBI will administers and collects the number of the property crime and violent crime through the UCR program.FBI also gives additional information on the crime, for example the day of burglaries, the area of robberies and other details about the offense.

6. REACTION FORMATION THEORY OF CRIME The reaction formation theory of crime deals with youths who do not obtain middle-class societal norms. Main crimes involve boys who do not have the capacity to succeed, and they join Cohen called the reaction formation. The reaction formation theory of crime means that the matters react with extreme response to the conditions of the young people because they have no problems in breaking the laws or in taking any risk. The theory displays the lesser –class focal concern that includes: toughness, troubles such as fighting, excitement, smartness, fate, and autonomy. Toughness helps to expand their physical and spiritual strength in order to be labeled as weak. Smartness means the ability to make money, and survive on the streets. The excitements means that the subject wants to get an activity that is out of society norms. These activities may involve fighting and sexual adventures. Fate will depict people belongings to the lesser class believe that shows their lives are controlled by the spiritual force. The autonomy pertains to our subject that is being independent that is a requirement that leads to gang involvement. The reaction formation theory is within and outside dominant culture that can be either positive or negative forces. The delinquency on my view response to the society formation between the success of the adult status and the ways by which is achieved

7. POWER -CONTROL THEORY OF CRIME According to my present study that is replicated from Hagans, The power-control theory includes a risk-taking that is variable. There are approximately 705 data for juveniles in private and public schools, and around 560 data for their parents. They both have converged and diverge from this crime theory. I have found mothers take care of their daughters more than their son during my study because they are unbalanced to households while girls are balanced to the households. As a result, sons are more likely to be engaged in risk-taking than daughters (Barlow & Kauzlarich, 2010). Maternal care and risk- taking reduce the relations between gender and delinquency. The gender disparity in control of individual risk-taking was larger for balanced household compared to unbalanced households. The main variable contributing to the crime was due to willingness to go after peers and take risks in groups.

8. COMPARISON BETWEEN POWER–CONTROL AND REACTION FORMATION THEORIES OF CRIME The reaction formation theory of crime means that the matters react with extreme response to the conditions of the young people because they have no problems in breaking the laws or in taking any risk. The theory displays the lesser –class focal concern that includes: toughness, troubles such as fighting, excitement, smartness, fate, and autonomy. The power-control theory includes a risk-taking that is variable. The gender disparity in control of individual risk-taking was larger for balanced household compared to unbalanced households.

9. DATA PROVIDED FOR THE CRIME These involve socioeconomic characteristics of the offense committed by the offenders such as property crime. Crime in the United States 2008 current data tables shows us the information on the topics recorded in that year. This information includes violent crimes such as forcible rape, murder, robbery, and aggravated assault (Britt & Gottfredson, 2003). Property offenses such as burglary, arson, motor vehicle theft, and larceny-theft are also included in the data. These data provided the additional information that UCR program assembles on the eight offences. These depend on the details of the crime that may include the type of weapon, and the value of the property stolen. For the crime of murder, expanded homicide data involve the information on murder victims, criminals, and the conditions that are assembled as the supplemental homicide data.

10. CLEARANCE OF CRIME The clearance furnishes the information on the crimes that is either solved by the arrest or exceptional means. Personal arrest submits the number of arrests formulated by the law enforcement (Winfree & Abadinsky, 2010). The gender, age, and the race of arrestees for the 29 crimes for which UCR program gathers arrest data. Police Employee data provides information concerning sworn officers and national law enforcement personnel. The data published in crime in the United States in 2008 reflects the information from criminal agencies.

11. ETHNICITY REPORTING AND PARTICIPATION SYSTEM In 2008, about 39% of the ethnic’s law enforcement agencies contributing in the UCR program submitted their information data, and crime data collected via the NIBRS that contained around 26% of the data delivered to the FBI. The jurisdictions reported the offense data to the FBI via NIBRS that covered about 26 % of the ethnic’s population. I think E-Government Act enacted by congress 2008 promote efficient uses of new information technology by national government. The publication website provides the result of the UCR program’s feedback to the act. We welcome your responses via our short assessment form (Rafter & Brown, 2011). Your remarks help us to improve the future presentation of the crime in the United States. What you find in our site is rankings by crime levels that contain different locales that take into consideration crime statistics. You will also get the information on unreported crime that helps to collect from the law enforcement agencies concerning only the crimes well known by police. Variables affecting crime give details about the proper utilization of UCR statistics. It also contains special studies about crimes.

12. References Barlow, H. D., & Kauzlarich, D. (2010). Explaining crime: A primer in criminological theory. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield. Beaver, K. M., & Walsh, A. (2011). The Ashgate research companion to biosocial theories of crime. Farnham, Surry, England: Ashgate. Britt, C. L., & Gottfredson, M. R. (2003). Control theories of crime and delinquency. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. Rafter, N. H. (2008). The criminal brain: Understanding biological theories of crime. New York: New York University Press. Rafter, N. H., & Brown, M. (2011). Criminology goes to the movies: Crime theory and popular culture. New York: New York University. Winfree, L. T., & Abadinsky, H. (2010). Understanding crime: Essentials of criminological theory. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.