1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
CHAPTER 19

2. Industrialism Begins Industrialism
New economic system
Began in Britain
Rely on machinery rather than animal and human power
Before industrialism most people lived in small farming villages
It began in the “textile” industry (woven cloth)
See map page 725

3. What caused the Industrial Revolution???
Began in Britain
The Enclosure Movement
Investment of capital into businesses
Large population of workers
Britain’s geography
Large supplies of coal and iron
Many harbors and rivers

4. The British Dominated

5. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
1764

6. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Richard Arkwright
Water Frame
1769

7. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
James Watt
The steam engine

8. New Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Henry Bessemer
conversion of iron into steel
“The Bessemer process”

9. Early Industrial City

10. The Rise of Big Business
Successful landowners put money into (invested) businesses
The money is called capital
As businesses grew, more capital was needed
Partnership-two or more people put in captial
Corporation-raised money by selling shares of the company to investors

11. The Rise of Factories and Railroads
Factories were the centers of the Industrial Revolution
Brought workers and machines together in one place under managers
Factories could employ hundreds of people at a time

12. Factories

13. The First Steam Boat Robert Fulton
Invented the first boat powered by steam engine
The Clermont
Steam locomotives soon followed
see page 728

14. Steam Locomotive 1829

15. New Scientific Discoveries
Industry spread from Europe to America
Samuel Morse
The telegraph
1830s

16. New Scientific Discoveries
Alexander Graham Bell
The telephone
1876

17. New Scientific Discoveries
Guglielmo Marconi
The Radio
1895

18. New Scientific Discoveries
Michael Faraday
Magnets can move electrical current
1831

19. New Scientific Discoveries
Thomas Edison
The light bulb

20. New Scientific Discoveries
Diesel & Daimler
Internal combustion engine

21. New Scientific Discoveries
The Wright Brothers
1st powered airplane
1903

22. The Industrial Revolution Impacts Society
Society and Industry
The Industrial Revolution Impacts Society

23. Cities Grow in Size Urbanization – rapid growth of cities
People flocked to cities to find factory jobs
Life in industrial cities was tough
Lived in tenements
Tightly packed apartment buildings in big cities

25. Tenements

26. Industrial Life Working class factory workers had hard lives
12-16 hour days, 6 days per week
Child Labor (as young as 6)
Many lost fingers, limbs, or even died
Injuries were common in hot, dirty, unhealthy factories and mines
Many found city life better than rural life even though it was hard

29. New Political ideas Adam Smith Free market “laissez faire” economy
private ownership
“Wealth of Nations”

30. New Political ideas Socialism Karl Marx
Factories, land, capital ($), raw materials should be owned and run by the government
Karl Marx
“Communist Manifesto”
The socialist way would eventually end the need for classes in society (Marxism)

31. New Political ideas Labor Unions
Workers united to improve wages and conditions

32. Art & Literature
Ludwig von Beethoven
German composer

33. Art & Literature
Charles Dickens
British Novelist

34. Art & Literature Gustave Courbet
French painter of the lives of ordinary people

35. Art & Literature
Claude Monet
French “impressionist”

36. Science
Louis Pasteur
Bacteria causes disease
1850s

37. Science
Charles Darwin
Theory of Evolution
1859

38. Science Ivan Pavlov 1890s Actions are unconscious reactions
Any action can be learned through training

39. Science
Wilhelm Roentgen
X-Ray Machine
1890s

40. Science
Albert Einstein
Theory of Relativity
1905
Atomic Bomb

41. Science Pierre and Marie Curie Discover radioactivity
Marie was first woman to win Nobel Peace Prize (1911)

42. THE END