1. Reconstruction and the New South
Chapter 17

2. Reconstruction
The reorganization and rebuilding of the former Confederate states after the Civil War
Southern states also had to be readmitted into the Union
What do the Southern states need to do to be readmitted?

4. Lincoln’s Plan Ten Percent Plan (1863)
When 10% of the voters of a state took an oath of loyalty to the Union, the state could form a new government
Must:
Adopt a new constitution that banned slavery
Lincoln also offered amnesty to all white Southerners who were willing to swear loyalty to the Union, except for Confederate leaders
Amnesty: Granting of a pardon

5. The Radical’s Plan Thought Lincoln was too forgiving
Wanted a more radical, or extreme, approach
Wade-Davis Bill
To rejoin the Union:
Majority of white males must swear loyalty
Only white males who swore they had not fought against the Union could vote
Constitution must ban slavery and no former Confederates could hold public office

6. Freedmen’s Bureau 1865 Helped African Americans adjust to freedom
Provided food, clothing, and medical services
Helped freed people acquire land or find work for fair wages
Set up schools and gave aid to African American universities

7. Andrew Johnson
After Lincoln’s assassination in April 1865, Andrew Johnson took over as President
Johnson required high-ranking Confederates to appeal to the President to be pardoned
Wanted to humiliate Southern leaders

9. The 13th Amendment
1865
Abolished slavery in the United States

10. Black Codes
1866
Southern states passed laws to control freed men and women.
Took away African American rights
Plantation owners could exploit African American workers
Jobless African Americans were arrested
Banned from owning or renting farms

11. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted full citizenship to African Americans
Overturned black codes
Contradicted the Dred Scott decision

12. The 14th Amendment
1868
Granted full citizenship to all people born in the United States
No state could take away a citizen’s life, liberty, or property
Confederate leaders could not hold office unless pardoned by Congress
Southern States must ratify the amendment to join the Union

13. First Reconstruction Act of 1867
Called for the creation of new government for the 10 Southern states that had not ratified the 14th amendment
Divided the 10 Southern states into 5 military districts each run by a military commander
Guaranteed African Americans the right to vote and banned Confederate leaders from holding office

15. The 15th Amendment
1869
Prohibited the state and federal government from denying the right to vote to any male citizen because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

16. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Scalawags: Southern whites who supported radical reconstruction in the South
Carpetbaggers: Northern whites who moved to the South after the war
Called carpetbaggers because they arrived in the South with their belongings in cheap suitcases

18. Resistance to Reconstruction
Many Southern whites opposed efforts to expand African American rights
Refused to rent land to freed people
Store owners refused them credit
Employers wouldn’t hire them
Ku Klux Klan
Used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men and women
Killed thousands of African Americans
Burned homes, schools, churches
Most white southerners refused to testify against those who attacked African Americans

20. Compromise of 1877
Election of Rutherford B. Hayes vs. Samuel Tilden
Election was disputed
Compromise of 1877
Hayes is declared the President
In exchange, the South would receive more aid and all federal troops are withdrawn
Hayes’ policies of letting the South handle its own issues ended Southern Reconstruction in 1877

21. Voting Restrictions
The end of Reconstruction meant the end of African Americans’ dreams for justice
Southern leaders found a way around the 15th amendment
Poll tax- fee for people to vote
Literacy test- voters had to read and explain difficult parts of the state constitution
Most African Americans had little education
Grandfather clauses-Allowed people who did not pass the literacy test to vote if their fathers or grandfathers voted before Reconstruction

22. Jim Crow Laws
By the 1890s, segregation was a common feature of the South
Jim Crow Laws required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place
African American facilities were far worse than white facilities

25. Reconstruction’s Impact
Both success and failure
+ Helped rebuild Southern economy
+ African Americans gained greater equality (voting, some education, citizenship)
- Much of the South remained agricultural and poor
- African American advances did not last (segregation, discrimination, voting restrictions)

26. Quiz 1. What is Southern Reconstruction?
2. What was Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan?
3. What did the Freedmen’s Bureau do?
4. What is the 13th Amendment?
5. What are the Black Codes?
6. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 do?
7. What is the 14th Amendment?
8. What did the First Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
9. What is the 15th Amendment?
10. How did some Southerners resist Reconstruction? Include multiple examples
11. How did the South restrict voting for blacks?
12. What are Jim Crow Laws?