1. Vascular Tissue
Xylem
And
Phloem

2. Vascular tissue evolved as an adaptation to life on land
Vascular tissue evolved as an adaptation to life on land. It consists of a series of elements that form tubes throughout the plant.

3. Similarities Both are vascular tissue (tubes)
Both are found in roots, leaves and stems.
Both transport materials needed by plants

4. Differences Xylem Phloem Composed of dead cells
Cells are made of thick
cell walls
Found in wood
Carries water and
nutrients
Transports materials up
the stem…capillary action
(like a straw)
Helps support the
stem
Composed of living cells
Cells don’t have
thick cell walls
Found in bark
Carries food
(sugar-sap)
Transports materials up
and down the stem
(like an elevator)
Does not support the
stem

5. Food Factories Leaves A leaf is an above-ground plant organ
specialized for the process of photosynthesis
and transpiration.
A leaf is typically flat and thin.
As an evolutionary trait, the flatness of leaves works to
expose the chloroplast to more light and to increase
the absorption of carbon dioxide at the expense of
water loss.

6. Parts of a Leaf
Stomata – pores where gas exchange takes place. Guard cells – open and close the stomata to facilitate the exchange of gas and water vapor. Veins – are the xylem and phloem tubes. Cuticle – thin waxy covering of plants that prevents water loss.

7. Transpiration is the evaporation of water in plants
through the stomata.
Transpiration takes
place mainly in the
underside of leaves
but also occurs
through roots and
stems.
Water travels up
through xylem
tubes
Water
evaporates
through
stomata in
leaves
Water enters
the roots

8. Importance of Transpiration
Water lost by
transpiration.
Transpiration is necessary…
for distributing water,
nutrients, CO2 and O2
throughout the
plant.
the ingredients are essential
for photosynthesis and
respiration.
to be able to take up carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere
to maintain plant temperature
to maintain the water cycle
(10 percent of the moisture
found in the atmosphere is
released by plants through
transpiration)
Capillary
action
Turgor Pressure
Water absorbed
by root hairs.

10. Leaflet Identifying Plants! The following parts of a leaf will
help in identifying plants.
Leaflet

11. petiole
blade
lobe

12. veins
margin

13. Leaf Characteristics
smooth
lobed
saw-toothed
double saw-toothed

14. palmate
pinnate
parallel

15. opposite
alternate

16. palmately
compound
simple
pinnately
compound

17. rounded
uneven
v-shaped
flat
heart

18. divided into two parts”.
Dichotomous
Dichotomous means “
divided into two parts”.
Di = 2

19. offered; one will direct you to the answer and
In a dichotomous key two questions are
offered; one will direct you to the answer and
the other will direct you to a set of two more
questions. By following the key and making the
correct choices, you should be able to identify
the name of an unknown organism.
For example…we could construct a key using the following
stationary supplies taken from a student's pencil case.
1. a. long, tubular objects go to #2
1. b. short, non-tubular objects-----go to #4
2. a. constructed from plastic go to #2
2. b. constructed from wood go to #4