1. History of Textiles Origins & Shibori Dyeing

2. Origins of Textiles Wore animal skins = protection, decoration Developed range of materials for clothing/fabric: –Animal skins –Animal fibers (silkworm, sheep, goat, camel, rabbit, feathers) –Plant fibers (cotton, jute, yucca)

3. Origins of Fibers Linen: from Mesopotamia Flax fibers Earliest known old world textile –Turkey, 6500 BC –Egypt: tomb wrappings Spread from this area into Europe

4. Origins of Fibers Cotton: Indus River & southern Mexico Cotton plants Found in tombs in India, from 3000 BC Described in Hindu hymns from 1400 BC Also made in early China and pre-Inca Peru

5. Origins of Fibers Silk: Northern China Before 3000 BC Silkworms The Silk Road helped spread trade of silk from Asian East to Europe in West

6. Origins of Fibers Wool: west Asia, 9000 BC Sheep (had to be domesticated first) Made into fabric: Stone Age, 1.75 million years ago Usable woolen fabrics developed in Iraq, around 1200 BC

7. Textile Production At home, by hand, influenced by local traditions Made what you needed, sold what you didn’t need Craft Guilds: –Formed around different parts of textile production –Set quality standards, working methods

8. Textile Production Industrial Revolution: changed everything! –18 th & 19 th Centuries –Mechanized production for mass market

9. Modern Fibers Cotton Linen Silk Wool/Angora/Alpaca Synthetic –Examples: polyester, nylon, ramie

10. Textile/Fibers Art Forms Weaving/Tapestry Quilting Sewing Embroidery Felting Surface Design –Printing –Dyeing

11. Dyeing Stone Age: vegetable dyes Bronze Age: more complex processes Natural dyes: –Plants: saffron, madder, weld, indigo –Animals: mollusks, cochineal 19 th Century: synthetic dyes developed

12. Shibori Since 8 th Century CE Japanese form of shaped resist dyeing Natural dyes (indigo) Manipulating 2-D cloth into 3- D shapes before compressing to dye Also found in other forms in other countries Made into kimono, obi

13. Shibori Kanoko: wrapped & tied

14. Shibori Oboshi: small stitches pulled into core and capped with plastic

15. Shibori Techniques we will use: –Fold & clamp –Arashi (pole-wrapping) –Binding –Stitching