1. Key Ideas Underlying Concept Maps Joseph D. Novak Cornell University & Institute for Human and Machine Cognition University of West Florida

2. Based on: A Theory of Knowledge A Theory of Learning

3. All knowledge is built up from Concepts and Propositions A Theory of Knowledge

4. Concept: A perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label A Theory of Knowledge

5. Proposition: Two or more concepts combined to form a statement about something: a unit of meaning A Theory of Knowledge

6. Concept Maps: A tool to represent the Structure of knowledge A Theory of Knowledge

7. Concept Map about Concept Maps

9. Key idea: Each person must construct her/his own meanings for concept and propositions from experiences over time, building her/his knowledge structure A Theory of Learning

10. National Academy of Sciences 2002

11. Distinction between rote and meaningful learning Idea of subsumption of new concepts and propositions into existing, more general concepts and propositions. Idea of progressive differentiation of meanings over time Idea of integrative reconciliation of meanings over time. Idea of superordinate learning of more general, more inclusive concepts Idea of “advance organizer” David Ausubel’s Theory of Learning

12. Learning may vary from highly rote to highly meaningful

14. Short-Term Memory Working Memory Long-Term Memory Affective System Motor System Information Input Key Memory Systems of the Brain

17. A college student’s beginning knowledge of cells

18. The same student’s knowledge of cells at the semester’s end

19. In Summary Concept maps can represent the knowledge of experts and can facilitate the development of expertise Building expertise requires building complex knowledge structures through meaningful learning