2. Molarity by Dilution Diluting Acids How to Calculate Acids in concentrated form are diluted to the desired concentration using water. Moles of acid before dilution = moles of acid after dilution Moles of acid = M x L

3. Molarity by Dilution Formula Practice Problem M 1 x V 1 = M 2 x V 2 How much concentrated 18M sulfuric acid is needed to prepare 250mL of a 6.0M solution?

4. Acid-Base Titration Titration – Definition Neutralization Reaction Titrations Include Analytical procedure used to determine the M of an unknown solution. Carefully controlled neutralization reaction Acid + Base = Salt + Water HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O Standard solution + unknown solution + Indicator

5. Titration End Point Indicator changes color Moles of acid = moles of base (or molar ratio in balanced equation)