1. Common Rxn Types Double Displacement Precipitation Rxns Acid-Base Rxns
Oxidation-Reduction Rxns (Redox)
Combustion
Single Displacement

2. Double Displacement Rxns
The solubility rules are also used to predict whether or not a double displacement rxn occurs.
Double displacement rxns are also called double replacement or metathesis rxns.
In these rxns, the “cations” of the 2 reactants swap places. The general form is:
Do you see how the cations swapped places?

3. Double Displacement Rxns
The rxn occurs between 2 ionic compounds in aqueous solution OR between a strong acid and an ionic compound.
If the rxn is between 2 ionic compounds it is called a double displacement precipitation (ppt) rxn as a ppt is formed. (What a mouthful!)

4. Double Displacement Rxns
For a double displacement ppt rxn to occur between 2 aqueous ionic compounds, a ppt MUST be formed.
What does this mean?
Since the rxn is conducted in water, 1 of the products MUST be insoluble in water!

5. Double Displacement Rxns
Here’s an example:
A silver nitrate sln is mixed with a sodium chloride sln. Does this rxn occur, and if so, write the balanced equation.
Here’s another example:
A barium nitrate sln is mixed with a sodium phosphate sln.

6. Double Displacement Rxns
Your Turn: For the following, write the names of the possible products, determine whether the rxn occurs, and if it does, write the balanced equation.
A sodium chromate sln is mixed with a potassium hydroxide sln.
An aluminum nitrate sln is mixed with potassium carbonate.

7. Acids & Bases
You’ve learned a very simple definition of acids and bases.
Acids produce H+ in water
Bases produce OH- in water
You’ve learned the 7 strong acids.
You’ve learned that the soluble hydroxide salts are strong bases.

8. Acids & Bases There are also polyprotic acids like sulfuric acid.
Sulfuric acid can lose both protons, and it does so in two steps.

9. Acid-Base Rxns There are two types of Acid-Base Rxns:
Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
Acid-Base Gas Evolution Rxns
Both of these rxns are actually a type of Double Displacement Rxns (“cations” swap places)

10. Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
Acids and bases react with each other in what is called a neutralization rxn.
They react to form an ionic salt and possibly water or a weak electrolyte.

11. Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
It was called a neutralization rxn as the classic strong acid/strong hydroxide base rxn resulted in the formation of an ionic salt and water with a pH of 7:

12. Acid-Base Neutralization Rxns
Neutralization rxns occur even without strong acids or bases.
The pH is usually NOT 7 at the end of the rxn.
Note how the charges change as the acid loses a proton and the base picks it up.
Group 1 and 2 ionic salts are bases except when bonded to Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, SO42-, ClO4-, and ClO3-.

13. Acid-Base Gas Evolution Rxns
This is a type of acid-base rxn where a gas is formed:

14. Neutralization and Titration
Acid-Base Neutralization rxns are often carried out through titrations
This is a lab technique using burets.
The volume of base required to neutralize a known volume of acid (or vice versa) is accurately measured in a titration.

15. Neutralization and Titration

16. Neutralization and Titration
But the math behind a titration is just solution stoichiometry!
25.00 mL of an unknown sln of sulfuric acid is completely titrated (in other words, both acidic H’s are stripped from the acid) with mL of a M sln of sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of the sulfuric acid sln?

17. Neutralization and Titration
How do you do this?
Write balanced equation for the reaction.
Do the stoichiometry, using the mol ratios.

18. Neutralization and Titration
Problem: mL of acetic acid is titrated with mL of a 0.333M sln of sodium hydroxide. What is the molarity of the acetic acid sln?