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1 The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
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2 Acid and Base Scale Acids pH from 0 to 7 Neutral pH is 7 Base pH from 7 to 14 pH is a measure of hydrogen ion concentration pH = -log[H + ]
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3 Acids Have a sour taste. Vinegar, orange juice, lemonade. Donates an H+ Have a bitter taste. Feel slippery. Donates OH- Ammonia, detergents, bleach Bases
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4 Monoprotic vs. Diprotic Monoprotic- an acid that can donate only 1 proton to a base (HCl) Diprotic- an acid that has two ionizable hydrogen atoms in each molecule, such as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) Effects titrations
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5 ACID-BASE REACTIONS Titrations What is a titration? H 2 C 2 O 4(q) + 2NaOH (aq) Na 2 C 2 O 4(aq) + 2H 2 O (l) acid base Ionic SaltWater acid base Ionic SaltWater Oxalic acid, H 2 C 2 O 4 A common laboratory method of chemistry that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified acid or base
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6 HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) HOH (l) +NaCl (aq) When we add the two together what do we get? –Neutralization Reaction What is the equivalence point? –Equal moles of acid and base Acid + Base
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7 Titration 1. Add known solution to unknown solution to determine concentration. 2. Phenolphthalein indicator shows the equivalence point. (Acid = Base) This is called NEUTRALIZATION. This is called NEUTRALIZATION.
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8 35.62 mL of NaOH is neutralized with 25.2 mL of 0.0998 M HCl by titration to an equivalence point. What is the concentration of the NaOH? M a V a = M b V b (0.0998 M) (25.2 mL) = 0.0706 M (35.62 mL) Standardization of a solution of NaOH
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9 Practice a.35.0 b.1.12 c.25.8 d.62.4 e.39.3 In a titration of 35.00 mL of 0.737 M H 2 SO 4, __________ mL of a 0.827 M KOH solution is required for neutralization.
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10 Reminders Homework: Titrations WS Read through lab Reminders: Parent Letter DUE – bring in ASAP Extra Credit Due Friday (5/11) Thermo Test Corrections Due Thursday (5/10) at 8:30 am Sig Figs Redemption Thursday (5/10) at 7:30 am
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11 Wednesday and Thursday May 9 and 10
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12 Review Homework
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14 What is too pink?
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15 The Stopcock Closed Open
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16 The Meniscus Read “upside down” Use paper to help see line
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17 More Hints Label beakers (tape on hood) Use paper to see color change
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18 Acid or Base and Skin Severity will vary with concentration, but BE SAFE, NOT SORRY!! Rinse skin IMMEDIATELY and call for Ms. Bjorge
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19 Standardization of a Base Lab Wear goggles and aprons If I have to tell you once to put them on you are out with a ZERO! Leave Buret in holder You will have to do multiple trials (as many as 10) Lab “write up” due BEGINNING of the period on Friday
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20 Done in lab? Did you complete at least 3 GOOD trials? The more the merrier! Homework: Lab Write Up Study for quiz Reminders: Parent Letter DUE – bring in ASAP Extra Credit Due Friday (5/11) Thermo Test Corrections Due Thursday (5/10) at 8:30 am Sig Figs Redemption Thursday (5/10) at 7:30 am Acid/Base Quiz Friday (5/11)
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