1. PEOPLE “I love long walks, especially when they’re taken by someone who annoys me.”

2. VAGINITIS Definition: an ____________________ process, not necessarily________________. Prepuberal bitch (aka puppy vaginitis) VS. Adult vaginitis

3. VAGINITIS PUPPY VAGINITIS – Causes: ________________ Hormonal fluctuations – Clinical signs: Purulent_________________________ +/- licking the vulva – Treatments: Systemic___________________ topical douching – Signs will return when treatment is discontinued – Condition resolves naturally after the first heat cycle

4. VAGINITIS Inverted vulva

5. VAGINITIS ADULT VAGINITIS – Causes: Anatomical abnormalities – ___________________ – Clinical signs: purulent vulvar discharge +/- licking the vulva peri-vulvar skin irritation or infection Perceived urinary incontinence

6. VAGINITIS Vaginitis demonstrating the presence of many nondegenerate to degenerate neutrophils and scattered epithelial cells (Wright-Leishman stain).

7. VAGINITIS Diagnostic approaches

8. VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE Hyperplasia/prolapse – Occurs under the influence of ________________ Results in edematous vaginal tissue that protrudes from the vulva Treatment: – ______________________________ resolves the condition permanently and is the tx of choice – Will usually _____________ spontaneously but will recur with subsequent __________ cycles

9. VAGINAL HYPERPLASIA/PROLAPSE

10. MAMMARY TUMORS Usually tumors of_________, ___________, ________________ – ~50% of all tumors in female dogs – 3 rd most common tumor in cats Risk dramatically reduces with __________________________ (<1% if spayed before 1 st heat) 50% of canine tumors are benign – Only 10-20% of feline tumors are benign

11. MAMMARY TUMORS Malignant tumors are usually _________, ______________, ___________________. Benign tumors are Often small and feel like a pea. _____________ is advised for all Mammary tumors. ____________ is required To differentiate benign from malignant tumors

12. OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY Surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus http://www.lbah.com/canine/spay.html

13. PROSTATIC DISEASES PROSTATE: Sex gland in the dog and cat – Located just _____________ to the bladder, encircling the proximal urethra at the neck of the bladder – Purpose is to produce a fluid as _____________ and ________________ medium for sperm during ejaculation

14. PROSTATIC DISEASE

15. BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Caused by altered androgen/estrogen ratio – Mild or no clinical signs _____________________ Enlarged prostate but not painful TX: – Castration results in a __________ decrease in size within _________ days Dx: Biopsy

16. BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA

17. PROSTATITIS Bacterial prostatitis may be acute or chronic and it affects sexually mature dogs – Clinical signs: Lethargy Anorexia – Diagnosis: Urinalysis: ______________, ______________, _________________, presence of bacteria – Treatment: Antibiotics Castration Prostatitis can lead to abscessation

18. NEOPLASIA of the male genital tract Prostatic neoplasia is uncommon, but all prostatic neoplasms are ______________ (poor prognosis) Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) – Occurs only in the___________________ – Spreads during ___________________________ – Tumors found on the penis, prepuce, and scrotum _____________________________________________ – Treatment: Chemotherapy Surgical removal of small localized masses

19. TVT These tumors are friable and bleed easily

20. CRYPTORCHIDISM One or both testicles have been ____________in the __________ or _______________canal – Often the retained testicle is still functional Dog can still produce _________________, show sexual desire and breed A testicular tumor known as ___________________________ is more common in retained testicles These animal should not be bred

21. CRYPTORCHIDISM Two normal testicles Unilateral cryptorchid Treatment is ___________– testicle Should be removed from the Abdomen or pushed down from The inguinal canal

22. CASTRATION http://www.lbah.com/canine/dog_neuter.html