1. Transport of Asian Dust to the Mid-Atlantic United States: Lidar, satellite observations and PM 2.5 speciation. Rubén Delgado, Sergio DeSouza-Machado Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology University of Maryland, Baltimore County Baltimore, MD

2. CREST Lidar Network (CLN) Comprised of 4 lidar facilities partially supported by NOAA’s Office of Education Educational Partnership Program Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center. City College of New York (2004) New York City, NY Univ. of MD, Baltimore County (2001) Catonsville/Baltimore, MD Hampton University (2008) Hampton, VA Univ. Of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez (2008) Mayagüez, PR

3. Remote sensing studies of the atmosphere with lidar measurements to determine the vertical distribution of aerosols (natural and anthropogenic) and gases. Lidar activities at UMBC support NOAA CREST Lidar Network, WMO-GALION, Maryland’s Department of the Environment and Energy Administration, NOAA and NASA satellite cal/val efforts. Understanding optical, chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosols and lower troposphere atmospheric dynamics. The integration of measurements of atmospheric aerosol properties contribute to an operational service in support of policy issues on air quality, energy, and climate change. UMBC Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution (UMAP)

4. Profiling Air Quality over Baltimore UMBC Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution (UMAP) http://alg.umbc.edu/umap

5. Lidar (light detection and ranging)

6. Transport triggered by warm conveyor belts over eastern Asia [Eckhardt e. al., 2004]. Strong winds, associated to frontal activity, provide a mechanism of injection of soil (sand) from the Gobi and Taklimakan deserts into troposphere [Merrill et al., 1989]. Asian dust contributes 0.2-1.0 µg m -3 of the total PM 2.5 mass concentration in North America, with higher frequency of transport during spring (March-May) [VanCuren and Cahill, 2002]. Dust particles affect the concentration of gaseous pollutants and secondary aerosols components by acting as condensation surfaces and catalysts in heterogeneous reactions [Dentener et al., 1996; Wang et al., 2007]. Trans-Pacific transport of Asian Dust

7. Air Quality: Pollutant Transport to Maryland Difficult to apportion impact of long-range vs. local emissions. Determination of sources contributing to local pollution. Atmospheric and pollution dynamics aloft are missed by surface instruments. Insight to processes influencing the fate of pollutants in the atmosphere. Aloft transport is important during pollution events: pollutants aloft mix down increasing surface concentrations. Lidar allows real-time monitoring of the evolution of pollutants and their role during air quality events.

8. PM 2.5 in Baltimore http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/detaildata/downloadaqsdata.htm

9. Dust-storm NW China MODIS Feb.24 to Mar.6, 2012 (10-day)

11. AERONET SSA (March 6, 2012) CCNY: Urban Aerosol (AM) Smoke (PM) UMBC and HU: Urban Aerosol (AM) Dust/Smoke (PM)

12. 15:45 UTC 19:45 UTC 17:45 UTC 21:45 UTC GOES-AOD: Spatial-temporal variation of AOD (AOD 0.1 – 0.4)

14. OMI Aerosol Index *O. Torres NASA GSFC

15. AIRS Infrared Dust Flag Product April 2006 *DeSouza-Machado et al., GRL, 33, L03801, 2006. Date

17. Angstrom Exponent Small Exp.= Coarse/Large Particles Single Scattering Albedo Positive Slope = dust

18. BaltimoreApr 17Apr 20 Apr 23 PM 2.5 5.104.839.37 PM 10 12.2016.7012.90 PM coarse 7.1011.873.53 PM 2.5 dust 0.971.810.53 Ca 0.060.140.03 IMPROVE Aerosol Monitoring Network PM 2.5 dust = 2.2[Al] + 2.49[Si] + 1.63[Ca] + 2.42 [Fe] + 1.94[Ti]. Malm et al., J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99, 1347–1370. Ca: April 20, 2006

19. UMBC March 6, 2012UMBC April 20, 2006 Boundary Layer Particle Pollution AOD Contribution Before Dust Intrusion PBL AOD ~ 43% After Dust Intrusion PBL AOD ~ 83% No Intrusion of Dust PBL AOD ~ 43% (20-66 %)

20. Summary Vertical and temporal resolution of lidar aids to assess the impact of long range transport of natural and anthropogenic aerosols to local air quality. Lidar + real time ground monitoring of pollutants: characterization of temporal and spatial changes of particle pollution, oxidants, and precursors. Spring (March-May) Asian dust contribution ~17% (6-37%) of PM 2.5 mass concentration in Baltimore. Dust contribution to column AOD ~ 47% (15-89%).

21. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NOAA/Office of Education Educational Partnership Program Maryland Department of the Environment Maryland Energy Administration Smog Blog: http://alg.umbc.edu/usaq UMAP: http://alg.umbc.edu/umap *The statements contained within the manuscript are not the opinions of the funding agency or the U.S. government, but reflect the author’s opinions.

22. PBLH Algorithms Lidar and wind profilers PBL height provide continuous temporal resolution atmospheric profiles for verification and validation of forecasts and models, on whether the physics and dynamics packages are correct in models. *Compton et al. (2013), J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., doi:10.1175/JTECHD-12-00116.1

23. NASA-MODIS Apr. 9,2010 April 2010-Dust Taklimakan Desert

24. Madison, WI http://lidar.ssec.wisc.edu/ CALIPSO April 17, 2010 07:30 UTC

25. Hampton, VA CALIPSO April 19, 2010 06:00 UTC

26. *P.B. Russell et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1155-1169, 2010