1. Project Based Learning of the Engineering Method V: A Hemodialysis System Design Project Young Engineers and Scientists Seminars Historical Electronics Museum Taryn Melkus Bayles, Ph.D. and Tania Monterastelli Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department University of Maryland Baltimore County December 13, 2007

2. Reach for the Stars! Design Challenge Design and construct a self supporting structure for the least amount of money: Height (inches) Cost ($) Team Name Height (in) Cost ($) Bragging Rights Team Ballin66.753.2520.5 Quanta633.1020.3 The Fluffy Giraffes 713.6019.7

3. EEK! Don’t Let It Leak! Design Challenge Design and construct a device which will protect an egg when it is dropped from a 10 foot height. 1. Mass (g) Cost ($) Team Name Mass (g) Cost ($) Bragging Rights 4 Asians & A White Guy 5.90.062.825 The Alliance5.040.082.480 DP 2 5.860.082.133

4. Separate This!! Design Challenge Design and construct a device or series of devices to separate the blue sand from the mixture while maximizing the amount of blue sand recovered Final Mass (g) Initial Mass (g) Team Name Final Mass (g) Initial Mass (g) Bragging Rights Sunny’s16.4611.41.693 MMB17.4110.01.575 Asian, Jew, Hippee, Albino & Guido 17.387.08.407

5. Snap Krackle and Pop!! Design Challenge Design and construct a device or series of devices to separate the Rice Krispies from the mixture of breakfast cereal while maximizing the amount of Rice Krispies recovered and minimizing cost Team Name % Recovery Cost (¢) Bragging Rights MMB81.3420.34 4 Asians & A White Guy 71.8417.95 We give up and went home 86.3108.63

6. YESS Program Mini Design Challenge: Let It Flow! Design and construct an apparatus to transfer 500 ml of water a distance of 4 feet as quickly as possible while minimizing the cost of the apparatus. Use only the materials provided –Three different diameter tubing (each are 2 feet long), funnels, plastic ties, rubber hose connectors, empty 500 ml bottle –You may not cut the tubing Final volume (ml) / initial volume (ml) [ time (s) x cost ($) ]

7. Let It Flow! Design Challenge:

8. Let it Flow!! Design Challenge Design and construct a device which will transport 500 ml of water a distance of 4 feet as quickly as possible. Team Name % Recovery Time (sec) Cost ($) Bragging Rights Blood Donors 999.900.122 The Alliance 1008.8 1.050.108 Three Guys 10011.41 1.020.086

9. YESS Program Design Project www.yesshem.com –Bragging Rights: Removal of impurities (mg) x Dialysate $ index x System $ Index

10. YESS Program Design Project www.yesshem.com How to Design a Hemodialysis System? –Factors that influence system performance: Diffusion of impurities –Concentration –Temperature –Molecule size Dialysis membranes –Pore size –Surface area Simulated blood flow rate Dialysate flow rate Co-current/Counter-current flow

11. YESS Program Design Project www.yesshem.com Hemodialysis System Product Performance Bragging Rights Impurity removal - mg x dialysate cost index x device cost index –Cost Basis: –Choice of four membranes 6.37 mm Diameter 14000 MW cut off $3.05/ft 16 mm Diameter 14000 MW cut off $4.20/ft 12.1 mm Diameter and 3500 MW cut off $2.84/ft 16 mm Diameter and 3500 MW cut off $3.22/ft –Dialysate cost is $20.00 per liter –Cost index Dialysate cost index –Minimum dialysate cost that meets design specifications Team dialysate cost Device cost index –Minimum total system cost meets design specifications Team total system cost

12. YESS Program Design Project www.yesshem.com How do you make the Simulated Blood and the Dialysate Flow? –Pump –Gravity –Mathematical relationship Relates pressure, velocity and height Bernoulli equation

13. YESS Program Design Project Removal of Impurities –Tartrazine Dilution Standards

14. YESS Program Design Project Removal of Impurities –Visual Comparison is made –Concentration x Dialysate Quantity

15. YESS Program Design Project Examples of Hemodialysis Systems

16. YESS Program Design Project Examples of Hemodialysis Systems

17. YESS Program Design Project Examples of Hemodialysis Systems

18. YESS Program Design Project

19. For Tonight’s YESS Design Session –Design notebook –Complete Hemodialysis Design Project Sheet Team Name, High School, Team Members & Emails –“Purchase” membrane Membrane pore size, diameter – surface area, length, cost –Each team will be given 500 ml of simulated blood for practice testing Old clothes Gloves –How you will flow BOTH the blood and dialysate –How will you determine the amount of impurities that you have removed? Volume of dialysate used Concentration of dialysate at end of testing