1. Development of the environment business sector Environment as job motor Examples Environment as a regional development strategy Gottfried Lamers

2. Environment as policy task Environment is a policy field and has its own value (as health policy, defence or others) Jobs are not the primary goal of environmental policy and environment in a narrow sense produces only a limited number of jobs (WWTP) „smart“ environmental policy combines different economic sectors with environmental tasks Additional environmental measures (ambiguous environmental policy) create markets and jobs

3. Business development Various forecasts of development opportunities are published –ETAP progress report 2004: Environmental industries have in total a volume of 500 bln. € (comparable with the pharmacy-sector) and an increase of 5 % per year –BAP impact assessment: Increasing the share of renewable energy + 5 % until 2010 will create 250.000 – 300.000 new jobs

4. 6 types of activities

5. Governmental measures for developing of a business sector Promotion of the single enterprise (CIP) –Start-up and seed financing, –Guarantees for producers –Infrastructure (technology centre) –Providing soft skills (business angels, market studies,) Creating a market (LIFE) –Requirements (particular filters) –Subsidies for applications –Advertisement (demonstration projects, green public procurement, awards) Regional strategy (SF) –Combining the different measures into a coherent strategy

6. Creation of a market Requirements: –Negative appearance –Creates only the basic environmental sector –No expansion potential Subsidies –Develop the entrance in a market –Leverage effect –High signal effect Soft measures –Influencing people (including business men) –7 key principles of human behaviour (env. agency + nef see: www.neweconomics.org)

7. Evaluation of the measures Evaluation of the environmental subsidy scheme in Austria (2004) –All climate relevant actions: 50,8 Mio. € subsidies, 232 Mio. € investments, 3.100 jobs, 56,7 Mio. € state income by taxes –Biomass heating, CHP: 43 Mio. € subsidies, 190 Mio. investments, 2.530 jobs, 45,8 Mio. € state income by taxes Evaluation results serve as an additional argument – main reason for the actions is still the climate change

8. Results of the subsidies

9. Effects on the economy