1. Youth in the Horn Introduction to the module Understanding theHorn.org © UC Regents 2013

2. Curriculum Overview Why study youth in the Horn of Africa? Definitions and Concepts Demographics Methods and Data Case Studies Education Sports and Development Women’s Football in Kenya Somali Rap and Poetry The first internet meme in Kenya Health and reproduction © UC Regents 2013

3. WHY STUDY YOUTH? Introduction © UC Regents 2013

4. Why Youth? Numbers Largest segment of population Various estimates Ages 10 to 24 ≈ 33% (World Bank) Ages 15 to 29 ≈ 45% to 50% (Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures)Frederick S. Pardee Center for International Futures The Future Inheriting ? Making and breaking ?* Innovating and creating? © UC Regents 2013 *Honwana, Alcinda Manuel, and Filip de Boeck. 2005. Makers & Breakers: Children & Youth in Postcolonial Africa. Oxford; Trenton, N.J.; Dakar, Senegal: James Currey ; Africa World Press ; Codesria.

5. © UC Regents 2013 According to World Bank data, life expectancy is increasing in the region.

6. © UC Regents 2013 Fertility rates are decreasing.

7. © UC Regents 2013 The particular combination has meant that the percentage of youth in the total population will be substantial well into the future.

8. © UC Regents 2013 …and even as the percentage declines, it will remain high relative to other countries and regions.

9. YOUTH Drivers of change? © UC Regents 2013

10. Radelet, Steven C. 2010. Emerging Africa: How 17 Countries Are Leading the Way. Baltimore, MD: Center for Global Development. Mahajan, Vijay. 2009. Africa Rising: How 900 Million African Consumers Offer More Than You Think. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Wharton School Pub. Afro-optimism…

11. Optimist forecasts © UC Regents 2013 http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/01/daily_chart

12. © UC Regents 2013 And within the region, GDP per capita is trending upwards.

13. Africa Rising Rise of Democracy & Better Governance Stronger Economic Policies End of Debt Crisis & Improved Donor Relations Rise of New Technologies Emergence of a New Generation YOUTH Adapted from Radelet, 2010

14. Role of ‘Youth’ Makers Productive work Consumers Creators Problem solvers Reproduction of social norms Affirmation of system Breakers Productive ? No jobs Dependency Delinquency Insecurity Challenge status quo Change rules Social anxiety & fear © UC Regents 2013

15. Further explorations Explore existing data Demographic concepts Methodology Adequacy of data and concepts Explore definitions and theories on youth in Africa Different perspectives International organizations, States, Families, NGOs Colonial and post-colonial constructions Agency, the individual and the group Differentiations Sex, gender, ethnicity, livelihood, location, education For More, See http://understandingthehorn.org/ http://understandingthehorn.org/ © UC Regents 2013

16. CREDITS Understanding the Horn of Africa © UC Regents 2013

17. Understanding the Horn of Africa An online curriculum project of the Center for African Studies, University of California, BerkeleyCenter for African Studies This material was developed under a Title VI International Research and Studies grant from the U.S. Department of Education. However, the content does not necessarily represent the policy or views of the U.S. Department of Education, or imply endorsement by the Federal Government.International Research and Studies Principal Investigator: Leonardo Arriola Project Coordinator: Martha Saavedra Project Assistant: Tami Driver, Web Development: Kim Carl and Howie Lan Web Designer and Graphics: Casondra Sobieralski http://understandingthehorn.org/ © UC Regents 2013