1. Research Essays How to place internal quotes, create footnotes, and a bibliography for your research papers. By Mrs. Lawrence How to place internal quotes, create footnotes, and a bibliography for your research papers. By Mrs. Lawrence

2. Internal Quotes  For internal quotes shorter than 3 lines, use the following format:  Mark Anthony’s speech instantly outshines that of Marcus Brutus. His opening line captivates the waiting audience when he booms, “friends, Romans, countrymen.”  Note: the quote starts mid- sentence therefore the quote begins with a lower case letter.  The quotation marks are placed after the period.  For internal quotes shorter than 3 lines, use the following format:  Mark Anthony’s speech instantly outshines that of Marcus Brutus. His opening line captivates the waiting audience when he booms, “friends, Romans, countrymen.”  Note: the quote starts mid- sentence therefore the quote begins with a lower case letter.  The quotation marks are placed after the period.

3. Internal Quotes- Footnotes.  If we wanted to place a footnote to cite the quote on the previous page:  1. Go to Insert on task bar, select Footnote, and click OK.  2. In the footnote, follow this format:  Author’s last name, First name. Title. Place Published: Publisher, year published.  For example: Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. UK: Penguin Publishers, 2003.  If we wanted to place a footnote to cite the quote on the previous page:  1. Go to Insert on task bar, select Footnote, and click OK.  2. In the footnote, follow this format:  Author’s last name, First name. Title. Place Published: Publisher, year published.  For example: Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. UK: Penguin Publishers, 2003.

4. Internal Citations- with ellipses In order to include a large quote, without having to type every word, you will have to use ellipses. Mrs. Lawrence, what are ellipses??? They are the three dots (…) that we can use when we want to omit certain words in the middle of a quote. Like this: “Friends, Romans, Countrymen … I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.” In this quote I omitted “lend me your ears.”

5. Internal- ellipses cont.  However, I did not alter any of the words used by the author! You must not alter the integrity of the quote when you make an internal citation.  If your quote is above three lines long, you must use a single spaced indented quote in a separate paragraph to your main body paragraph.  However, I did not alter any of the words used by the author! You must not alter the integrity of the quote when you make an internal citation.  If your quote is above three lines long, you must use a single spaced indented quote in a separate paragraph to your main body paragraph.

6. Internal quotes- Internet citations  If your source is not from a book, but from the internet then you must cite the source in your footnote in the following manner:  Author Last name, First. “Title of webpage.” Web Company Title. Year written. Place published. Date.  If your source is not from a book, but from the internet then you must cite the source in your footnote in the following manner:  Author Last name, First. “Title of webpage.” Web Company Title. Year written. Place published. Date.

7. Internet Citations Contd.  Of course, this information is not always available.  However, if this information is not available, you must question the integrity of your source. If you obtain your information from a scholarly website, then that information WILL be available.  Once again, it is important to remember that.org,.gov,.edu are usually the most reputable websites..coms are ok when they are backed with significant weight- ie. Historychannel.com, etc.  Of course, this information is not always available.  However, if this information is not available, you must question the integrity of your source. If you obtain your information from a scholarly website, then that information WILL be available.  Once again, it is important to remember that.org,.gov,.edu are usually the most reputable websites..coms are ok when they are backed with significant weight- ie. Historychannel.com, etc.

8. Bible citations  Of course, when writing about advent, you may wish to quote directly from The Bible (and you should!)  In this case the footnote format would be as follows:  (Chapter Book. Verse) Bible Title. Place published: Publisher, year.  (2 Cor. 5.17) The English Standard Version Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments with Apocrypha. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009.  Of course, when writing about advent, you may wish to quote directly from The Bible (and you should!)  In this case the footnote format would be as follows:  (Chapter Book. Verse) Bible Title. Place published: Publisher, year.  (2 Cor. 5.17) The English Standard Version Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments with Apocrypha. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2009.

9. Bibliography  Your bibliography will contain all of your sources in alphabetical order according to the author’s last name.  Please single space your bibliography with a double space between sources.  If you do not have the author’s last name, then list them alphabetically by title.  Your bibliography will contain all of your sources in alphabetical order according to the author’s last name.  Please single space your bibliography with a double space between sources.  If you do not have the author’s last name, then list them alphabetically by title.

10. Questions????  Please, never hesitate to ask if you have any questions regarding my or any other teacher’s research assignments, answering questions about these things is what I do!!!!

11. Multiple Quotes from the same source??  If you wish to add more than one quote from the same source, you do not need to make a footnote for each citation.  The first one will contain the regular citation, the second, and all those afterwards will just contain the following:  Ibid. (This is short for ibidem- Latin for “ the same place.” -Hey something new we didn’t know- cool!  If you wish to add more than one quote from the same source, you do not need to make a footnote for each citation.  The first one will contain the regular citation, the second, and all those afterwards will just contain the following:  Ibid. (This is short for ibidem- Latin for “ the same place.” -Hey something new we didn’t know- cool!