1. Cost of Environmental Degradation Ministry of Environment Service of Environmental Guidance Viviane Sassine Environmental Specialist SMAP III Regional Meeting, Villa Valmer, Marseilles, France 29 June 2009

2. Outline Cost of Environmental Degradation (Why?) Study on the Cost of Environmental Degradation in Lebanon (CED-L) Study on the Cost of Environmental Degradation in Lebanon (CED-L) Economic Assessment of Environmental Degradation due to July 2006 hostilities Economic Assessment of Environmental Degradation due to July 2006 hostilities

3. Why do we Need to Know the Cost of Neglecting the Environment? To speak a non- environmentalis t language Community Decision makers Next

4. Study on the Cost of Environmental Degradation in Lebanon (CED-L) Funded & implemented: World Bank- METAP Implementation region: 7 countries: Lebanon, Syria, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia

5. Objectives Provide an estimate of the cost of environmental degradation in Lebanon using the most recent data Provide analytical framework that can be applied periodically by professionals in Lebanon to assess the COED over time Provide a basis for training program for all interested stakeholders to incorporate assessments of COED into policy making and environmental management.

6. Total Cost 565 million USD 2.8- 4.0% GDP

7. What? Total Cost Water Quality Air Quality Land & Wild life Coastal Zones & Cultural heritage Solid waste Next

8. Republic of Lebanon Economic Assessment of Environmental Degradation due to July 2006 hostilities Funded & implemented: World Bank

9. Prepared by the World Bank upon the request of MoE Assessment of Environmental Degradation caused by 34 day hostilities on Lebanon Ultimate goal: 1.Present the overall picture of environmental degradation 2.Identify the natural resources mostly affected by the Israeli war on Lebanon Aim and Objectives

10. Total Cost 729 million USD 3.6% GDP

11. Overall cost of environmental degradation ImpactsUS$ million min US$ million max US$ million average % of GDP [1] [1] Waste 206.8373.5290.21.4 Oil spill 166.3239.9203.11.0 Water 131.4 0.6 Quarries 15.4175.595.50.5 Forests 7.010.88.90.0 Total environmental cost caused by hostilities 526.9931.1729.03.6% [1] [1] Based on an estimated GDP for 2006 of US$20.5 billion (Economic Intelligence Unit, 2006)

12. Environmental damages by categories Next

13. Waste Damage cost (US$ million) MinimumMaximum Construction & Demolition Waste 141.8159.3 Military Waste (UXO) 65.0214.2 Medical Waste 0.020.05 Total 207373 Total estimated costs Back

14. Oil Spill Mean estimate Damage Costs: Hotels, Beach resorts, Marinas, Palm Islands Nature Reserve, Byblos, Restaurants, Commercial fishing, Sea-shore fishing, Cost of oil fuel burnt, … 139.6 Oil Spill Clean Up: Expenses already made, Oiled waste, Monitoring expenses 63.5 Total 203.1 Estimated costs of damage and clean-up due to the oil spill (million US$) Back

15. Water The additional costs of getting water and the cost of reservoir rehabilitation are valued at US$131.4 million. This figure underestimates the real value of the damage cost linked to water resources, as it does not include the impact of water degradation on health. Back

16. Quarries Overall damage caused by the added pressure on quarries to supply needed aggregate and sand for the reconstruction is estimated to range between US$ 15 and 175 million (or an average of US$95.5 million). Back

17. Forest Overall damage to forests and to national reforestation program ranges between US$7.0 – 10.8 million, with an average of US$8.9 million. Back

18. Water Quality Reduced Quality of potable water 82- 89 M USD Health Impacts 79 – 105 M USD 175 Million USD/ 1.0-1.2 percent of GDP MortalityMorbidity Medical Care Purchase of Bottled Water

19. Air Quality 170 Million USD/ 0.7-1.3 % of GDP Health Impacts from PM10 61-124 M USD Health impacts from Lead 28-40 M USD Health Impacts of Indoor air pollution 10-46 M USD Quality of Life 12- 16 M USD

20. Land & Wild Life Degraded Terraced Land 60 – 90 M USD 100 Million USD/ 0.5-0.7 % of GDP Deterioration of estate prices around 3 quarries 14 – 16 M USD Deterioration of Tourism opportunities 4-14 M USD

21. Coastal Zones & Cultural Heritage Domestic recreational losses 9 – 12 M USD 110 Million USD/ 0.6-0.75 % of GDP International tourism losses 63-74 M USD Ecological losses & Non-use value 27-40 M USD

22. Solid Waste Mismanagement of Municipal Solid waste 8 M USD 8 Million USD/ 0.05% of GDP

23. Comparison of 2 studies The first study (CED-L) estimated the annual costs of environmental degradation in 2000 at about US$565 million or 3.4% of GDP A comparison between the two estimates shows that the damage caused by the 34-day hostilities (729 million USD) is almost equivalent to one year of environmental degradation in times peace.

24. Service of Environmental Guidance Directorate General of Environment Ministry of Environment Lazarieh Center, Downtown Beirut P.O. Box 11-2727 Lebanon Tel: 00 961 (0) 1 976 555 Fax: 00 961 (0) 1 976 530 E-mail:sga@moe.gov.lb v.sassine@moe.gov.lbsga@moe.gov.lb Visit: www.moe.gov.lb