1. Volcanoes
By: Paige Holmes /16/10

2. Shield Volcano
Shield volcanoes are wide, gentle sloping mountains. A shield volcano created the Hawaii Islands.
Thin layers of lava pour out of a vent and harden on top of previous layers. This lava creates shield volcanoes.

3. Composite Volcano
Composite volcanoes are both quiet and explosive eruptions. They are tall, cone-shaped mountains.
Central vent
Crater
Layers of lava, ash, cinder, and bombs alternate to make a composite volcano. Mount St. Helens in Washington is a composite volcano
Ash layers
Lava layers
Ash layers
Lava layers

4. Cinder cone
When cinders erupt from the volcanic neck, they pile up around the vent and form a hill.
A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain. If lava is thick and stiff it may produce ash, cinder, and bombs.

5. Caldera
The hole of a caldera is filled with pieces of the volcano that has fallen in.
A huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain is called a caldera. It may have a lake in the middle of it.
When an enormous eruption happens and empties all the magma it turns in to a caldera

6. Hot springs and geysers
Heat source
Hot springs form when underground heated by a nearby body of magma rises to the crust and collects in a natural pool.
Geyser
A geyser is a fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground.
The water from hot springs may contain dissolved gases and other substances from deep within Earth.

7. Volcanic Necks, Dikes, and Sills
Volcanic necks look like a giant tooth stuck in the ground. It forms when magma hardens in a volcano’s pipe. The softer rock around the pipe wears away, exposing the hard rock of the volcanic neck.
Dikes
Magma that forces itself across rock layers hardens into a dike.
Volcanic neck
Sill
Dike
Sills
A sill is when magma squeezes between layers of rock.