1. TURBIDITE PALEOSEISMOLOGY (and some other topics of interest) MARNAUT CRUISE MEETING 22-23 January, 2007 Outline: Seismoturbidites as proxies of past earthquakes Monitoring of turbidity by a sediment trap Fluid vents and carbonate crusts Other possible monitoring studies and sensors

3. Sites of interest

4. Le Pichon et al. (2001) EPSL, 192: 595-616. Turbidites as paleo-earthquake proxies in the deep Marmara basins Package 2 Package 1 ~40 m ~ 70-80 % turbidite- homogenite and ~ 20-30 % hemipelagic units

5. Sarı and Çağatay (2006) Geo-Marine Lett. 26: 69-76. Core C-15 From south part of the Çınarcık Basin at 1251 m water depth 26 October 986 İstanbul-Thrace Earthquake, intensity = 10 15 August 553 İstanbul-Kocaeli Earthquake, intensity = 9 957±43 AD 578±31 AD

6. Other dated sesimoturbidites Tekirdağ Basin 1859, 1912 Ganos, and 1965 Saros Gulf, (McHugh et al. (2006, EPSL) Central Basin 740 AD, 1340 AD and 1912? (McHugh et al. (2006, EPSL) İzmit Gulf: 181 and 740 AD (McHugh et al. (2006, EPSL) 1509 (Çağatay et al. 2003. Mar. Geol. 202:159-173)

7. Study of seismoturbidites ITU-EMCOL’s core scanner anayses of water/ sediment core IZ-113 in İzmit Gulf 1999 İzmit earthquake event mm (95±65 14 C y BP)

8. Core IZ-115 Karamürsel Basin, İzmit Gulf (1630±30 14 C yr BP)

9. Sediment trap Indented Rotating Sphere (IRS) Sediment Tarp Time series data on the amount and composition of sedimenting hemi- pelagic material, and sampling of possible seismoturbidites

10. Fluid vents Cold fuid venting, carbonate mound, bacterial mats and benthic fauna in SE Tekirdağ Basin R/V Le Atalante cruise, Marmarascarps project, Armijo et al. (2003)

11. Carbonate crusts as archives of the cyclic changes in the chemical composition of the fluids Mineralogy Isotopic composition

12. ITU-ISMAR-BO and INGV-Rome seafloor observatory project in the western Izmit Gulf Project proposal submitted to Istanbul City Council

13. Paolo Favali’s SN-4 (Submarine Network-4, Geostar) sea floor observatory system including the folling sensors: broad-band 3-component seismometer; hydrophone triaxial, single-point current meter; CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) sensor CH 4 sensors (at least 2 in parallel) O 2 sensor

14. Other sensors to monitor fluid seepages and mass flows: 1.Time-lapse cameras with one or two pictures a week to monitor fluids, mass-flows bacterial growth, benthic fauna, etc. 2. Optical backscatter sensors (or turbidometers) to monitor water turbidity and sediment influx.