1. Dynamics of the Cooperatives, Mutual Insurance & Takaful Mutual Insurance and Takaful in a changing world Istanbul, Turkey November 12 2012

2. Overview of presentation Overview of the cooperative and mutual insurance sector Why is Takaful different to conventional insurance? Where Takaful is Mutual and where it is not Opportunities for working together Overview of the cooperative and mutual insurance sector Why is Takaful different to conventional insurance? Where Takaful is Mutual and where it is not Opportunities for working together

3. Takaful and Mutuality What is the connection?

4. Takaful is not conventional insurance because.... Maysir (gambling) – underwriting of risks by shareholders in anticipation of a profit is prohibited Gharar (uncertainty) – the insured pays premiums in exchange for indemnity against risks that may not occur Riba (usury) – the company engages in investments that derive their income from interest and/or prohibited industries Maysir (gambling) – underwriting of risks by shareholders in anticipation of a profit is prohibited Gharar (uncertainty) – the insured pays premiums in exchange for indemnity against risks that may not occur Riba (usury) – the company engages in investments that derive their income from interest and/or prohibited industries

5. Takaful in principle is Mutual Solidarity and joint guarantee Self reliance and self sustaining for community well being Assist those that need assistance Community pooling system Shariah approved investments and products Bear ye one anothers burden Solidarity and joint guarantee Self reliance and self sustaining for community well being Assist those that need assistance Community pooling system Shariah approved investments and products Bear ye one anothers burden

6. 1978 Islamic Cooperative Insurance Fatwa (Sudan) The Legal Control Committee for the Faisal Islamic Bank, comprising a number of legal and Sharia experts, ruled against insuring the bank's assets with commercial insurance companies and forced the bank to deal with Islamic cooperative insurance companies.

7. Fiqh Academy Resolution 1985 The Commercial Insurance Contract, with a fixed periodical premium,.... is prohibited (Haram) according to the Sharia. The alternative contract, which conforms, to the principles of Islamic dealings is the contract of co-operative insurance, which is founded on the basis of charity and co-operation. Similarly is the case of re-insurance based on the principles of co-operative insurance. The Commercial Insurance Contract, with a fixed periodical premium,.... is prohibited (Haram) according to the Sharia. The alternative contract, which conforms, to the principles of Islamic dealings is the contract of co-operative insurance, which is founded on the basis of charity and co-operation. Similarly is the case of re-insurance based on the principles of co-operative insurance.

8. European Council for Fatwa and Research It is well known that in most non-Islamic countries there are co-operative and mutual insurance companies. There is no harm from the Shari`ah point of view to participate in these services. So, it is unlawful for a Muslim living in a country where there is such a co-operative insurance company to make an agreement with a commercial insurance company. European Council for Fatwa and Research It is well known that in most non-Islamic countries there are co-operative and mutual insurance companies. There is no harm from the Shari`ah point of view to participate in these services. So, it is unlawful for a Muslim living in a country where there is such a co-operative insurance company to make an agreement with a commercial insurance company.

9. In Principle Takaful is Mutual Principles of mutuality should permeate every aspect of takaful, and be practised within Takaful corporations. Syed Moheeb (Former President and CEO, Takaful Ikhlas) Takaful is a cooperative model, it is a mutual model based on solidarity, designed for community welfare, equity, justice and fairness, both cooperatives and Takaful share that. Hassan Bashir (CEO, Takaful Insurance of Africa) Takaful will never converge into the conventional model. If it is going anywhere other than the theoretical takaful model, it will be (towards) the mutuals" Sheikh Dr Mohamed A Elgari Principles of mutuality should permeate every aspect of takaful, and be practised within Takaful corporations. Syed Moheeb (Former President and CEO, Takaful Ikhlas) Takaful is a cooperative model, it is a mutual model based on solidarity, designed for community welfare, equity, justice and fairness, both cooperatives and Takaful share that. Hassan Bashir (CEO, Takaful Insurance of Africa) Takaful will never converge into the conventional model. If it is going anywhere other than the theoretical takaful model, it will be (towards) the mutuals" Sheikh Dr Mohamed A Elgari

10. In Principle Takaful is Mutual The best form of Takaful would ideally be an existing mutual or cooperative insurer which invested its premiums compliant with Islamic principles. Dawood Taylor ICMIF Takaful & Mutuality Seminar, Tunisia 2004 The best form of Takaful would ideally be an existing mutual or cooperative insurer which invested its premiums compliant with Islamic principles. Dawood Taylor ICMIF Takaful & Mutuality Seminar, Tunisia 2004

11. Takaful has evolved into a mutual hybrid... Marine Insurance – Early second century (9 A.D.) – mutual fund to cover robberies and mishaps 1979 first Takaful operator established 1984 first Mudharabah model 1990s Wakala model established Multinationals enter the market Large reinsurers commence Retakaful Marine Insurance – Early second century (9 A.D.) – mutual fund to cover robberies and mishaps 1979 first Takaful operator established 1984 first Mudharabah model 1990s Wakala model established Multinationals enter the market Large reinsurers commence Retakaful

12. The difference between Takaful and mutual models External Shareholders are providers of capital Sharing of underwriting surplus Shareholder provides interest free loan in the event of underwriting losses Governance is with shareholders External Shareholders are providers of capital Sharing of underwriting surplus Shareholder provides interest free loan in the event of underwriting losses Governance is with shareholders

13. Current contribution concentrations Source: Ernst & Young's World Takaful Report 2011 Global Takaful Operators (2008) and Contributions (2009)

14. Where can the two movements work together ?

15. Opportunities for cooperation Status of sector Mutual insurance has been formally established for many centuries Key success factors Experience from period of demutualisation External environment Customer trend is now towards more ethical and transparent financial providers Value based proposition Status of sector Mutual insurance has been formally established for many centuries Key success factors Experience from period of demutualisation External environment Customer trend is now towards more ethical and transparent financial providers Value based proposition

16. Opportunities for cooperation Operational Staff loyalty and belief in principles Mutuals actively work with each other. Governance Surplus distribution Strong representative voice ICMIF has 90 years of experience representing the movement. Unified representation Addressing Market Gaps Operational Staff loyalty and belief in principles Mutuals actively work with each other. Governance Surplus distribution Strong representative voice ICMIF has 90 years of experience representing the movement. Unified representation Addressing Market Gaps

17. Mutual market share 2010 Source: ICMIF Mutual Market Share 2010

18. Muslim population in the world Source: www.muslimpopulation.com

19. Potential Takaful markets have minimal mutual insurance Source: The World Takaful Report 2012, Ernst & Young

20. Microtakaful – the need Large sectors of poverty in many Muslim countries Almost half of worlds lowest developed countries have a majority Muslim population Increasing inequality in Middle East and Gulf countries and between Muslim countries Low penetration of insurance Religion plays a fundamental role in the lives of the poor In line with the teachings of Islam and principles of Takaful Large sectors of poverty in many Muslim countries Almost half of worlds lowest developed countries have a majority Muslim population Increasing inequality in Middle East and Gulf countries and between Muslim countries Low penetration of insurance Religion plays a fundamental role in the lives of the poor In line with the teachings of Islam and principles of Takaful

21. Takaful Network Seminar 2011 Returning to our Roots: Realizing our Potential

22. COLOMBO DECLARATION 23rd November 2011, Lakeside Cinnamon Hotel, Colombo, Sri Lanka Following the first FOIITC,GTG, ICMIF Takaful Network Seminar hosted by Amana Takaful the three associations have agreed to join efforts and resources towards the promotion of Takaful (Islamic Insurance) and Mutuality (cooperative and mutual insurance) worldwide. Further, the Joint committee have highlighted the following objectives: To improve access to Takaful in emerging countries and underserved markets. To facilitate cooperation and collaboration between Takaful/Retakaful operators and associations from across the globe. To raise awareness and understanding of Takaful values and principles worldwide. To effectively represent the Takaful movement to all stakeholders and supervisory authorities. To strengthen and reinforce the mutual values at the heart of Takaful. To improve access to Takaful in emerging countries and underserved markets. To facilitate cooperation and collaboration between Takaful/Retakaful operators and associations from across the globe. To raise awareness and understanding of Takaful values and principles worldwide. To effectively represent the Takaful movement to all stakeholders and supervisory authorities. To strengthen and reinforce the mutual values at the heart of Takaful.

23. A Global reach for local strength Thank you www.icmif.org www.takaful.coop www.microinsurance.coop Thank you www.icmif.org www.takaful.coop www.microinsurance.coop