1. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (1) Dr. George R. WiggansDr. H. Duane Norman Acting Research LeaderInterim Administrator Animal Improvement Programs Lab.Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding Agricultural Research Service, USDABeltsville, MD 20705-2350 Beltsville, MD 20705-2350301-525-2006 (voice) 301-504-8407 (voice)duane.norman@cdcb.us 301-504-8092 (fax) george.wiggans@ars.usda.gov Genomic Evaluations in the United States

2. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (2) Organizational roles l Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB) responsible for receiving data, computing, and delivering U.S. genetic evaluations for dairy cattle l Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory (AIPL) responsible for research and development to improve the evaluation system l CDCB and USDA employees co-located in Beltsville

3. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (3) Funding l CDCB evaluation calculation and dissemination funded by fee system w Based on animals genotyped w About 80% of revenue from bulls w Higher fees for herds that contribute less information l AIPL research on evaluation methodology funded by U.S. Federal government

4. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (4) Information sources for evaluations l Traditional evaluations of genotyped bulls and cows used to estimate SNP effects l Combined final evaluation w Sum of SNP effects for an animal’s alleles w Polygenetic effect w Traditional evaluation l Pedigree data used and validated by genotypes

5. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (5) Evaluation flow l Animal nominated for genomic evaluation by breed association or AI organization l Hair or other DNA source sent to genotyping lab l DNA extracted and placed on chip for 3-day genotyping process l Genotypes sent from genotyping lab to AIPL for accuracy review   

6. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (6) Evaluation flow (continued) l Genotype calls modified as necessary l Genotypes loaded into database l Nominators receive reports of parentage and other conflicts l Pedigree or animal assignments corrected l Genotypes extracted and imputed to 45K l SNP effects estimated      

7. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (7) Evaluation flow (continued) l Final evaluations calculated l Evaluations released to dairy industry w Download from CDCB FTP site with separate files for each nominator w Monthly release for new animals w All genomic evaluations updated 3 times each year with traditional evaluations  

8. Wiggans, 2013Japanese Genomics Tour (8) U.S. genomic evaluation team