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Muckrakers of the Progressive Reform Era
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Muckrakers Journalists who attempted to expose the evils of big business and corrupt government The purpose of their reports was to educate the people about a problem and to encourage them to take action
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What were the goals of the Progressives?
To meet the challenges presented by industrialization and urbanization To break up the monopolies and restore competition To break the power of political machines and improve democracy To improve the quality of life for the people of the United States
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Who were the Progressives?
Urban, middle class Men and women Democrats and Republicans Well educated Believers in capitalism (not socialism) Pragmatic – simple solutions to complex problems All levels of government Attempted a variety of reforms Optimistic
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Upton Sinclair – The Jungle
FOOD INDUSTRY Exposed the evils in the meatpacking industry Resulted in the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
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Upton Sinclair Was a Socialist
When interviewed, he said that he “aimed at the country’s heart, but instead, hit them in the stomach”
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Ida Tarbell – A History of Standard Oil (Co.)
MONOPOLIES to expose the ruthless practices of John Rockefeller VS.
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Jacob Riis – A Muckraking Photojournalist
URBAN POOR Immigrant from Denmark Worked as a police reporter and photographer Most famous work: How the Other Half Lives Exposed living and working conditions of urban poor
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Five Cents Lodging
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Children Sleeping in Mulberry Street
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Girls on a Stoop
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Home of an Italian Rag Picker
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Tenement Yard
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Room in a Tenement Flat
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Cityscape
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A New York City Peddler
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A Ludlow Street Sweatshop
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Bandit’s Roost 59 ½ Mulberry Street
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Men’s Lodging Room in West 47th Street Station
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Women’s Lodging Room in West 47th Street Station
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Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities
Told of the political corruption in Philadelphia New types of city government organization introduced (city manager)
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Jane Addams Urban and Immigrant Poor
Settlement Houses: located in working class areas, offered help for new immigrants Hull House, Chicago established; devoted to helping urban poor
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US Department of Labor Child Labor Compulsory Education
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Frank Norris – The Octopus
told of the struggle against the railroad monopolies
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