1. Solutions:We have the answers! Renewable Energy Resources! Biomass Hydroelectric power Solar—passive and active Wind generation Hydrogen power

2. Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity  Passive solar heating  Active solar heating

3. Using Solar Energy to Provide High- Temperature Heat and Electricity  Solar thermal systems  Photovoltaic (PV) cells Solar Cell Trade-Offs

4. Producing Electricity from Moving Water  Large-scale hydropower  Small-scale hydropower  50% of West Coast electricity  7% of US electricity  20% of World’s electricity  Major environmental impacts  High construction costs

5. Impacts of hydropower on salmon and other riverine spp.  Pollution  Disruption of water flow  Loss of biodiversity  Invasive species

6. Impacts of hydropower on Species and People_______________ Dams can provide many human benefits but: Disrupts ecological services rivers provide; e.g. 119 dams on Columbia River have caused a 94% drop in wild salmon; removing hydroelectric dams will restore native spawning grounds Displaces millions of people worldwide as reservoirs flood traditional homelands No room for expansion in the US

7. Producing Electricity from Wind

8. Producing Energy from Biomass  Biofuels  Biomass plantations  Crop residues  Animal manure  Biogas  Ethanol  Methanol

9. The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution  Extracting hydrogen efficiently  Storing hydrogen  Fuel cells

10. Geothermal Energy  Geothermal reservoirs  Dry steam  Wet steam  Hot water  Molten rock  Hot dry-rock zones

11. Geothermal Reservoirs

12. Entering the Age of Decentralized Micropower  Centralized power systems  Decentralized power systems  Micropower systems Fig. 16-39 p. 411

13. Creating a Sustainable Energy Future Increase fuel efficiency standards for vehicle, appliances, buildings Tax and other financial incentives for energy efficiency Subsidize renewable energy use, research and development Internalize externalities for fossil fuels By 2050: –Increase renewable energy to 50% –cut coal use by 50% –phase out nuclear altogether

14. Solutions: A Sustainable Energy Strategy