1. Material Science Quiz Review

2. Vocabulary Alloy: Substance that has metalllic properties and is made from two or more metal components Aluminum: Lighweight, strong element that replaced fabric and wood in airplanes Annealing: Process of heating and slowly cooling to increase ductility Ceramic: Good thermal insulator, poor electrical conductor, formed by heat to cause vitrification

3. Cold Working:Strengthening a metal by plastic deformation at a temperature too low for atoms to rearrange, creating dislocations Component:An element or alloy with the same chemical and physical characteristics Composite: Material composed of two or more distinct materials Dislocation: Defect in a crystal where the lattice is distorted (atoms misaligned)

4. Elastic Deformation: Stretching or compression of a material where the material returns to its original shape after removal of load Eutectic: Alloy composition with the lowest melting point Grog & Grogette:First material scientists Liquidus Line: The liquid phase is located at temperatures above this line

5. Material Science: The study of stuff Melting Point: The temperature at which an element transitions from solid to liquid phase Metal: Opaque, lustrous, dense, malleable, good conductors of heat and electricity Nitinol: Memory shape alloy used in stents Phase: A volume of material where the properties are uniform

6. Phase Diagram: Diagram that shows phases of an alloy Plastic Deformation:Stretching or compression of a material where the material will not return to its original shape after removal of load Polymer:Organic compounds composed of monomers of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Quenching: Rapid cooling of a heated material by emersion in a liquid/salt, strengthening the material

7. Slush Zone: A loose term that identifies a phase composed of both liquid and solid Solder:Tin and lead alloy Solidus Line:The solid phase is located at temperatures below this line Solubility Limit: Maximum percentage of solute that will dissolve completely into a solvent. Vacancy:A missing atom in a crystal lattice

8. Metals History First Era: Using things as found or with slight adaptation. Gold, silver copper. Hammered to shape. Jewelery Second Era: Changing things with heat or chemicals. Bronze, iron. Plows, swords.

9. Third Era: Understanding, making new materials. Alchemists’ effort to convert base metals to gold leads to an understanding of metallurgy.

11. % Composition Calculations 60-40 lead-tin means 60% lead and 40% tin by weight. 2 kg of lead makes 2 kg/.60, or 3.3 kg of lead- tin alloy 440 g of alloy contains 440 g x.40, or 176 g of tin

12. Draw and label a phase diagram below from the following descriptions a)The α element is copper b)The α element melting point is 1085°C c)The β element is nickel d)The β element melting point is 1455°C e)Label the solidus line running linearly (straight line) between the two melting points f)Label the liquidus line running through the following points: (25% Ni, 1225°C), (50% Ni, 1300°C), (75% Ni, 1375°C) g)Label the phases of solid, slush, and liquid