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Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms.

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Presentation on theme: "Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms."— Presentation transcript:

1 Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms

2 Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System 4Swedish botanist (1707-1778) 4Binomial Nomenclature – 4two-part scientific name 4 Genus species 4Why Latin? 4Latin was the language known universally by the educated 4Also used as a descriptor

3 Carolus Linneaus 4Kingdom 4Phylum 4Class 4Order 4Family 4Genus 4species

4 Avoiding common names 4Cat 4Gato 4Koshka 4Chien 4 kitty Cougar Mountain Lion Puma Catamount Panther

5 Domains

6 Kingdoms 4Scientists look at the evolutionary history of organisms to divide them into kingdoms. For awhile, there has been 5 kingdoms, but many scientist are now using 6 kingdoms. 4Scientists place organisms in different kingdoms depending on its characteristics such as: 4What type of cell? Prokaryote or Eukaryote 4Unicellular or Multicellular 4Autotrophic or Heterotrophic 4Reproduction? Asexually or Sexually

7 6 Kingdoms of Living Things 4Archaebacteria 4Eubacteria 4Protista 4Fungi 4Plantae 4Animalia

8 DOMAINS BACTERIAARCHAEEUKARYA KINGDOMS Eubacteria KINGDOMS ArchaebacteriaProtista Fungi Plantae Animalia

9 Prefix meanings 4Pro = for, forward 4Eu = Do 4Uni = One 4Multi = Many 4Auto = Self 4Hetero = Other 4Troph = Feed 4A = Without

10 Domain or Kingdom: Eubacteria 4Prokaryote 4unicellular 4Often do need oxygen 4Live and feed by decomposing other cells. 4Some can do photosynthesis. 4Reproduce asexually. 4videovideo

11 Domain Archaea or Kingdom ArchaebacteriaArchaea 4Prokaryote 4Unicellular 4Can be autotrophic and heterotrophic 4Reproduce asexually 4Live in harsh environments; classified base on where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)

12 Heterotrophic Bacteria 1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use; E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you. 2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. 3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.

13 Autotrophic Bacteria 4Producers -> Use sunlight to make food and are often green. Example: 4Cyanobacteria: Blue- green algae 4Lives in water 4Has chlorophyll (green pigment for photosynthesis) 4Some others have blue or red pigment.

14 Domain Eukaryota 4Eukaryote 4Unicellular or multicellular 4Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae, Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

15 Protista Kingdoms 4Eukaryote 4Unicellular 4Heterotroph or Autotroph 4Reproduce primarily asexually

16 Protista includes Protozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movement

17 Protista includes several types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

18 Kingdom Fungi 4Eukaryote 4Usually multicellular but can be unicellular 4Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from decomposing organisms 4Reproduce both sexually and asexually 4videovideo

19 Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES

20 Kingdom Plantae 4Eukaryote 4multicellular 4Autotrophs: Photosynthesis 4Reproduce both sexually and asexually

21 4 Main Divisions of Plants

22 Kingdom Animalia 4Eukaryote 4Multicellular 4Heterotroph: eat other organisms 4Sexual reproduction

23 9 Major Animal Phyla 4Porifera (sponges) 4Cnidaria (jellyfish) 4Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 4Nematoda (roundworms) 4Annelida (segmentedworms) 4Mollusca (snails, clams, squid) 4Arthropoda (insects, crabs) 4Echinodermata (starfish) 4Chordata (vertebrates)

24 VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

25 What is a virus? Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living organisms (hosts). Structure of Virus: Capsid (Protein coat) Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)

26 Are virus alive? 4Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. 4They are not made of cells. 4They need a host cell to reproduce. 4There is no cure, only a treatment. 4Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses 4Antiviral medications only stop viruses from reproducing.

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