1. The polar sea ice covers are large Tens of millions of square kilometers, and empty

2. Sea ice based autonomous systems Over a hundred position, temperature, and pressure buoys International Arctic Buoy Program Intnl.Program for Antarctic Buoys Operating since 1970’s Position, temperature, pressure Many deployed every year Surface or air deployed

3. Sea ice based autonomous systems The next best thing to being there

4. Atmosphere Fundamental meteorological parameters Basic buoy Air temperature Barometric pressure Position Augmented buoy Wind speed Humidity Can do multiple levels Incoming radiative fluxes

5. Atmospheric chemistry Ozone, carbon dioxide, and BrO Ozone Carbon dioxide Bromine monoxide Position Air temperature Wind speed Humidity Orientation Web cam

6. Spectral solar radiation Incident, reflected and transmitted spectral irradiance Measurements of Spectral incident Spectral reflected Spectral transmitted All-wave incident, reflected Plus a webcam

7. Sea ice mass balance Ice motion, snow, ice growth, surface and bottom melt Position Air temperature Barometric pressure Ice temperatures Upper ocean temperatures Snow accumulation and melt Ice growth Surface and bottom ice melt

8. Ocean profiles Vertical profiles of ocean properties Different methods Fixed locations Up and down Profiles of ocean properties Temperature Salinity Currents Biochemical Optical

9. Ocean fluxes High temporal resolution of heat, salt, momentum fluxes

10. Locations: Webcams A picture is worth a thousand words May 15 July 24 June 6 August 16

11. Integrated sites 1 + 1 + 1 = 111 North Pole and Beaufort Gyre Observatories Atmosphere, ice, and ocean Air temp., pressure, humidity, wind velocity Radiometers Sea ice mass balance Ocean fluxes Ocean profiles of temperature, salinity Web cams Getting a long time series

12. & ICEPOD Inbound Stations Outbound Stations Buoy Array Deployments Integrated campaigns Spatial integration of autonomous systems PIPERS – Polynyas and Ice Production in the Ross Sea April – June 2017 Fully capture the space/time evolution of air-ice-ocean interactions in the Ross Sea

13. Key autonomous issues Identify, communicate, coordinate, disseminate What data to measure Where to measure Where to deposit the data When to deposit the data How to coordinate the effort International Arctic Buoy Program Internation Program for Antarctic Buoys Southern Ocean Observing System Arctic Observing Network Climate and Cryosphere Potential partners