1. Nanopharmacology and Nanomedicine
Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D.
Director and Professor
KLE College of Pharmacy,
NIPANI , Karnataka, India.
Cell No:
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

2. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanotechnology map
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

3. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanoscience
Nanoscale has different definitions in different scientific fields such as nanometers in physics and chemistry, nm in some early monograghs and nm in biomedicine literatures.
The bottom up assemble with atoms one by one
100 nm (or below) particles at bone marrow,
nm particles at reticular epithelial systems.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

4. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanopharmacology
Nanopharmacology, a new branch of pharmacology is gradually emerging with the application of nanoscience and nanotechnology in the field of nanomedicine.
The interactions between traditional drugs and physiological systems at nanoscle level.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

5. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanopharmacology
Drug design and drug delivery to selected targets to improve pharmacodynamics and kinetic profiles toward safer and effective treatment is known as nanopharmacology.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

6. Categorized Nanopharmacology
Defining targets
Development of drugs and carrier systems
Studying target–drug interactions
Monitoring the target–drug interaction outcomes
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

7. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Defining targets
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

8. Development of drugs and carrier systems
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

9. Studying target–drug interactions
Pharmacokinetic interactions
Absorption
Distribution
Biotransformation
Excretion
Pharmacodynamic interactions
Receptor interaction
Receptor sensitivity
Neurotransmitter release/Drug transportation
Electrolyte balance
Pharmaceutical interactions
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

10. Studying target–drug interactions
Usually, the binding sites of macromolecules are more hydrophobic in nature than the surface, and so this enhances the effect of an ionic interaction.
The drop off in ionic bonding strength with separation is less than in other intermolecular interactions, so if an ionic interaction is possible, it is likely to be the most important initial interaction as the drug enters the binding site.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

11. Quantitative systems pharmacology
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

12. Monitoring the target–drug interaction outcomes
Loss of therapeutic effect
Toxicity
Unexpected increase in pharmacological activity
Beneficial effects e.g additive & potentiating (intended) or antagonism (unintended).
5) Chemical or physical interaction
e.g I.V incompatibility in fluid or syringes mixture
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

13. Nanopharmacology features
Using nanoscale tools, such as scanning probe microscopy.
Studying particulate drugs, especially the nanoparticulate drugs.
Studying the influences of the nanoparticulate properties of nano drug carriers on the therapeutic effects of drugs that they carry.
Nanopharmacology theories will provide instructions for the bottom up assemble of nanodrugs with atoms one by one.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

14. Nanopharmacology Target
Slow release nanopharmacology
Controlled release nanopharmacology
Bio barrier penetration nanopharmacology
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

15. Slow release nanopharmacology
The slow-release nanopharmacology studies the question on how to realize the slow release and the influences of slow release on the drug metabolisms and the therapeutic effects.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

16. Slow release nanopharmacology
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

17. Controlled release nanopharmacology
The controlled-release nanopharmacology studies how to realize the smart release of the drugs according to the therapeutic needs in the cellular and tissue microenvironments.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

18. Bio barrier penetration nanopharmacology
Bio-barrier-penetration nanopharmacology studies the capabilities of nanodrugs to passing through bio-barriers.
Blood-brain barrier
Air-blood barrier
To realize the treatment of some focal diseases where the traditional drugs can’t arrive because their incapability of penetrate biobarriers.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

19. Transport of molecules across the BBB
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

20. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Air-blood barrier
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

21. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
The perfect drug!
Reality
All drugs have side effects but new drugs aim to provide beneficial effects with minimal side effects
How is this achieved?
Identify new molecules
2. Modify structure of know molecules
Test in biological tissue or whole body
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

22. Nanotechnology – based drug delivery Systems
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

23. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanomedicine
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

24. Definition of Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine is the one of the most valuable  medical application of nanotechnology as the name specifies naomedicine involves the use of nano particles in the surgical and medical treatement of pateints. OR
We can say nanomedicine is the nanotechnology application which is used for engineering or binding molecular or atomic machines for the treatment of diseases in living organisms.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

25. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine is nanotechnology used for the treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and control of biological systems
Nanomedicine includes the delivery and targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic agents using nanoparticles to cancer and other cells
Nanomedicine includes nanomaterial for bone, cartilage, vascular, bladder and neural applications
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

26. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Background
Nanomedicine is the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level using engineered nanodevices and nanostructures.
Nanomedicine, including nanodiagnostics, nanotherapeutics, and the development of nanomedical devices.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

27. How nanomedicine works?
Nanomedicine works at a molecular or atomic  scale.
The most advanced form of nanomedicine uses the nanorobots and nanoinstruments as surgeons.
Nanomedicine repair damaged cells or get into the cells and replace or assist damaged intracellular structures at individual stage.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

28. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Goals of Nanomedicine
End goal of nanomedicine is improved diagnostics, treatment and prevention of disease
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

29. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Goals of Nanomedicine
Ultimate goal is to integrate detection, diagnostics, treatment and prevention of disease into a personalized single platform
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

30. Recent and future breakthroughs in medicine
Nanotechnology holds key to a number of recent and future breakthroughs in medicine
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

31. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Cancer Treatments
Because of their small size, nanoparticles can pass through interstitial spaces between necrotic and quiescent cells.
Tumor cells typically have larger interstitial spaces than healthy cells
Particles collect in center bringing therapeutics to kill the tumor from inside out.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

32. Nanoparticles as Sensors and Therapeutics
Glutathione (GSH) provides a selective and tunable release mechanism
Once inside cells, fluorophores and drugs selectively dissociate
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

33. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanoparticle Success
Both cationic and anionic particles penetrate and accumulate in tumors.
However, only cationic particles diffuse fully throughout the tumor.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

34. Types of contrast agents used for MRI
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

35. Contrast agents used for MRI
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

36. Advantages and applications
Diagnosis using nanomedicine
Nervous system tracking
Drugs dispersion
Artificial antibodies.
One of the biggest advantage of naonoemdicne is that it can transform common medical procedures into  faster one with 90 percent accuracy rate.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

37. Diagnosis using nanomedicine
Diagnostic nano-apparatus could be attached to keep check of the internal chemistry of the body.
Mobile nanorobots, with wireless transmitters, could easily circulate in the blood and lymph systems and send out alerts when chemical imbalances appear within the blood.  
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

38. Drugs and contrast agents
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

39. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Detection of Cancer
Breast Cancer Cells
Healthy Cells
On the left, cancer cells fluorescence.
On the right, healthy cells show minimal fluorescence.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

40. Nervous system tracking
Nanomedicine has also helped doctors to better understand the phenomenal changes in the human nervous systems.
Fixed nanomachines could be inserted in the nervous system of the human body to monitor pulse rate, brain activity, and other important functions.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

41. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Drugs dispersion
Live saving drugs are one of the important ingredients in the latest medicines but its unusual and excess usage could cause death.
Nanomedicine also has successful applications for the reduction of extra drugs from human body.
Implantation of nanomedicine devices could disperse drugs or hormones as required in people with chronic imbalance or deficiency states.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

42. Nanomedicine platform for targeted drug delivery
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

43. Artificial antibodies
Nanomedicine was the first to conceptualize the artificial red and white blood cells and later on it successfully showed the positive results.
Cancer patients are now treated by injecting artificial red blood cells to balance the human body blood level.
Artificial antibodies, white & red blood cells and antiviral nanorobots could be considered as successful applications of nanomedicine.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

44. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanorobots
Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for a persistent fever.
Instead of giving a pill or a shot, the doctor refers you to a special medical team which implants a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels to the appropriate system and provides a dose of medication directly to the infected area.
To treat everything from hemophilia to cancer.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

45. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanorobots
A viable nanorobot has to be small enough to navigate through the human circulatory system, an incredibly complex network of veins and arteries.
The nanorobot must also have the capacity to carry medication or miniature tools.
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

46. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Nanorobot
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

47. Advantages of Nanoscale devices in Medicine
Devices smaller than 50 nm can easily enter most cells
Devices smaller than 20 nm can transit out of blood vessels
Devices are capable of holding thousands of small molecules
Contrast Agents
Drugs
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

48. Major Areas of Development of Nanomedicine
Prevention and control
Early detection
Imaging diagnostics
Multifunctional Therapeutics
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

49. Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.
Medicines research
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.

50. Thank You e-mail: nanjwadebk@gmail.com Cell No: 0091 9742431000
15 February 2013
Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.