1. 1Introduction Objectives 1-2 Course Objectives 1-3 Oracle Products 1-4 Relational Database Systems 1-5 How the Data Is Organized 1-6 Integrity Constraints 1-7 Structured Query Language 1-8 Tasks of an Oracle Database Administrator 1-9 Summary 1-10 2Installing Oracle Database 10g Software Objectives 2-2 System Requirements 2-3 Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) 2-4 Using Optimal Flexible Architecture 2-5 Setting Environment Variables 2-7 Preinstallation Checks 2-9 Oracle Universal Installer 2-10 Inventory and UNIX Group Name 2-11 orainstRoot.sh 2-12 File Locations 2-14 Install Type 2-15 Prerequisite Checks 2-16 Starter Database 2-17 Configuration and Management 2-18 File Storage and Backup Recovery 2-19 Passwords and Summary 2-20 Installation 2-21 Configuration Assistants 2-22 Summary 2-24 Practice 2: Installing the Oracle Software 2-25 3Creating an Oracle Database Objectives 3-2 Database Architecture 3-3 Exploring the Storage Structure 3-4 Control Files 3-5 Redo Log Files 3-6 Tablespaces and Datafiles 3-7 Segments, Extents, and Blocks 3-8 Contents i

2. Oracle Instance Management 3-9 Oracle Memory Structures 3-10 Oracle Processes 3-12 Data Dictionary 3-13 Database Control 3-14 Grid Control 3-15 Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) Overview 3-16 Creating a Database 3-17 Database Identification 3-18 Management Options 3-19 Passwords and Storage 3-20 File Locations and Backup Recovery 3-21 File Location Variables 3-22 Content and Initialization Parameters 3-23 Database Storage 3-25 Creation Options and Create 3-26 Other Actions with DBCA 3-27 Summary 3-28 Practice 3: Creating an Oracle Database 3-29 4Database Interfaces Objectives 4-2 What Is SQL? 4-3 Using SQL 4-4 Enterprise Manager: Seeing the SQL 4-5 What Is SQL*Plus? 4-6 What Is i SQL*Plus? 4-7 Using i SQL*Plus 4-9 Describing Data 4-10 Querying Data 4-11 Sorting the Data 4-12 Joining Tables 4-13 Manipulating Data 4-15 Defining Data 4-16 Overview of Transactions 4-17 Transaction Control Statements 4-18 Locking Data 4-19 Other Statement Categories 4-20 What Is PL/SQL? 4-21 Example PL/SQL Block 4-22 Uses of PL/SQL 4-23 What Is Java? 4-24 Oracle and Java 4-25 ii

3. What Is OCI? 4-26 Other APIs 4-27 Summary 4-29 Practice 4: Using SQL 4-30 5Controlling the Database Objectives 5-2 Starting and Stopping i SQL*Plus 5-3 Management Framework 5-4 Starting and Stopping Database Control 5-5 Accessing Database Control 5-6 SYSOPER and SYSDBA 5-7 Database Home Page 5-8 Changing the Listener Status 5-9 Startup and Shutdown 5-10 Starting Up a Database NOMOUNT 5-11 Starting Up a Database MOUNT 5-12 Starting Up a Database OPEN 5-13 Shutting Down the Database 5-14 SHUTDOWN Options 5-15 Initialization Parameter Files 5-18 Viewing Initialization Parameters 5-19 Viewing the Alert Log 5-20 Summary 5-21 Practice 5: Controlling the Database 5-22 6Storage Structures Objectives 6-2 Tablespaces and Data Files 6-3 Space Management in Tablespaces 6-4 Creating a New Tablespace 6-5 Storage for Locally Managed Tablespaces 6-7 Tablespaces in the Preconfigured Database 6-9 Altering a Tablespace 6-11 Actions with Tablespaces 6-13 Dropping Tablespaces 6-15 Viewing Tablespace Information 6-16 Summary 6-17 Practice 6: Working with Tablespaces 6-18 iii

4. 7 Administering Users Objectives 7-2 Database User Accounts 7-3 Creating a User 7-4 Profiles and Users 7-5 Authenticating Users 7-7 Default and Temporary Tablespaces and Locking 7-9 Database Users and Schemas 7-10 Checklist for Creating Users 7-11 Privileges 7-12 System Privileges 7-13 Object Privileges 7-15 Assigning Quota to Users 7-16 Assigning Roles to Users 7-17 Roles 7-18 Benefits of Roles 7-19 Predefined Roles 7-20 Secure Roles 7-21 Summary 7-22 Practice 7: Administering Users 7-23 8 Managing Schema Objects Objectives 8-2 What Is a Schema? 8-3 Schemas 8-4 Accessing Schema Objects 8-6 Naming Database Objects 8-7 Schema Object Namespaces 8-9 Specifying Data Types in Tables 8-10 Other Data Types 8-11 Creating and Modifying Tables 8-13 Understanding Data Integrity 8-15 Defining Constraints 8-17 Viewing the Attributes of a Table 8-18 Viewing the Contents of a Table 8-19 Actions with Tables 8-20 Creating Indexes 8-22 What Is a View? 8-23 Creating Views 8-24 iv

5. What Is a Sequence? 8-25 Using a Sequence 8-27 Summary 8-28 Practice 8: Working with Tables 8-29 9 Managing Data Objectives 9-2 Manipulating Data Through SQL 9-3 The INSERT Command 9-4 The UPDATE Command 9-5 The DELETE Command 9-6 The COMMIT and ROLLBACK Commands 9-7 Integrity Constraints and DML 9-8 Data Pump Export 9-9 Data Pump Import 9-11 DIRECTORY Objects 9-13 SQL*Loader 9-14 The SQL*Loader Control File 9-16 Control File Syntax Considerations 9-19 Input Data and Data Files 9-20 Loading Methods 9-23 Comparing Direct and Conventional Path Loads 9-25 Loading Data with SQL*Loader 9-27 Summary 9-29 Practice 9: Using Data Pump Export and Import 9-30 10 PL/SQL Objectives 10-2 PL/SQL 10-3 Administering PL/SQL Objects 10-4 PL/SQL Objects 10-5 Functions 10-6 Procedures 10-7 Packages 10-8 Package Body 10-9 Built-In Packages 10-11 Triggers 10-12 PL/SQL Configuration Options 10-14 Summary 10-15 Practice Overview 10-16 v

6. 11 Oracle Database Security Objectives 11-2 Database Security 11-3 Apply the Principle of Least Privilege 11-5 Protect the Data Dictionary 11-6 Revoke Unnecessary Privileges from PUBLIC 11-7 Restrict the Operating System Directories Accessible by the User 11-9 Limit Users with Administrative Privileges 11-10 Disable Remote Operating System Authentication 11-11 Manage Default User Accounts 11-12 Implement Standard Password Security Features 11-13 Password Account Locking 11-14 Password Expiration and Aging 11-15 Password History 11-16 Password Verification 11-17 Supplied Password Verification Function: VERIFY_FUNCTION 11-18 Creating a Password Profile 11-19 Assigning Users to a Password Profile 11-20 Monitoring for Suspicious Activity 11-21 Audit Tool Comparisons 11-22 Standard Database Auditing 11-23 Specifying Audit Options 11-24 Viewing Auditing Options 11-26 Standard Database Auditing 11-27 Viewing Auditing Results 11-28 Value-Based Auditing 11-29 Fine-Grained Auditing (FGA) 11-31 FGA Policy 11-32 DBMS_FGA Package 11-34 Enabling and Disabling an FGA Policy 11-35 Dropping an FGA Policy 11-36 Triggering Audit Events 11-37 Data Dictionary Views 11-38 DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL 11-39 FGA Guidelines 11-41 Auditing SYSDBA and SYSOPER Users 11-43 Security Updates 11-44 Summary 11-45 Practice 11-1 Overview: Database Security (Part 1) 11-46 Practice 11-2 Overview: Database Security (Part 2) 11-49 vi

7. 12 Oracle Net Services Objectives 12-2 Oracle Net Services 12-3 Oracle Net Listener 12-4 Monitoring the Listener 12-5 Creating a Listener 12-6 Listening Addresses 12-7 Configuring Optional Parameters 12-8 Static Database Registration 12-9 Listener Control Utility 12-10 Listener Control Utility Syntax 12-11 Monitoring with Listener Control 12-13 Oracle Net Connections 12-15 Names Resolution 12-16 Easy Connect 12-17 Local Naming 12-18 Directory Naming 12-19 Configuring Service Aliases 12-20 Advanced Connection Options 12-21 Oracle Net Manager 12-23 Choosing Naming Methods 12-24 Configuring Service Aliases with Net Manager 12-25 Advanced Connection Options Using Oracle Net Manager 12-26 Testing Oracle Net Connectivity 12-27 Summary 12-28 Practice 12 Overview: Oracle Net Services 12-29 13 Oracle Shared Servers Objectives 13-2 Establishing a Connection 13-3 Dedicated Server Process 13-4 User Sessions 13-5 User Sessions: Dedicated Server 13-6 User Sessions: Shared Server 13-7 Processing a Request 13-8 The SGA and PGA 13-9 Configuring Oracle Shared Server 13-10 DISPATCHERS 13-11 SHARED_SERVERS 13-13 MAX_SHARED_SERVERS 13-14 CIRCUITS 13-15 SHARED_SERVER_SESSIONS 13-16 Related Parameters 13-17 vii

8. Verifying Shared Server Setup 13-18 Data Dictionary Views 13-20 Choosing a Connection Type 13-21 When Not to Use Shared Server 13-22 Summary 13-23 Practice 13 Overview: Oracle Shared Servers 13-24 Practice Lesson 13 13-25 14Performance Monitoring Objectives 14-2 Performance Monitoring 14-3 Monitoring Methodologies 14-4 Database and Instance Metrics 14-5 Data Dictionary Metrics 14-7 Invalid and Unusable Objects 14-8 Optimizer Statistics 14-10 Manually Gather Optimizer Statistics 14-12 Automate Optimizer Statistics Collection 14-13 Schedule Optimizer Statistics Collection 14-14 Dynamic Performance Views 14-15 Viewing Metric Information 14-16 Reacting to Performance Issues 14-17 Reacting to Performance Issues 14-18 Summary 14-19 Practice 14: Monitoring Performance 14-20 15Proactive Maintenance Objectives 15-2 Server Generated Alerts 15-3 Thresholds 15-4 Setting Thresholds 15-5 Baseline Measurements 15-6 Using Baselines 15-7 Tuning and Diagnostic Advisors 15-8 SQL Tuning and Access Advisors 15-10 Memory Advisors 15-11 Segment Advisor 15-12 Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) 15-13 Managing the AWR 15-14 Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM) 15-15 ADDM Findings 15-16 ADDM Recommendations 15-17 Summary 15-18 Practice 15: Proactive Maintenance 15-19 viii

9. 16Undo Management Objectives 16-2 Undo Data 16-3 Transactions and Undo Data 16-5 Storing Undo Information 16-6 Monitoring Undo 16-7 Administering Undo 16-9 Configuring Undo Retention 16-10 Guaranteeing Undo Retention 16-12 Sizing the Undo Tablespace 16-13 Using the Undo Advisor 16-14 Summary 16-15 Practice 16: Managing Undo 16-16 17Monitoring and Resolving Lock Conflicts Objectives 17-2 Locks 17-3 Locking Mechanism 17-4 Data Concurrency 17-5 DML Locks 17-7 Enqueue Mechanism 17-8 Lock Conflicts 17-9 Possible Causes of Lock Conflicts 17-10 Detecting Lock Conflicts 17-11 Resolving Lock Conflicts 17-12 Deadlocks 17-13 Summary 17-14 Practice 17: Locks in the Oracle Database 17-15 18Backup and Recovery Concepts Objectives 18-2 Backup and Recovery Issues 18-3 Categories of Failures 18-4 Statement Failures 18-5 User Process Failure 18-6 Network Failure 18-7 User Errors 18-8 Instance Failure 18-10 Instance Recovery 18-11 Phases of Instance Recovery 18-12 Tuning Instance Recovery 18-13 ix

10. Using the MTTR Advisor 18-14 Media Failure 18-15 Configuring for Recoverability 18-16 Control Files 18-17 Redo Log Files 18-18 Multiplexing the Redo Log 18-19 Archived Log Files 18-20 Archive Log File Naming and Destinations 18-21 ARCHIVELOG Mode 18-23 Summary 18-24 Practice 18: Backup and Recovery Concepts 18-25 19Database Backups Objectives 19-2 Terminology 19-3 Recovery Manager (RMAN) 19-5 Configuring Backup Settings 19-6 Scheduling Backups: Strategy 19-8 Scheduling Backups: Options 19-9 Scheduling Backups: Settings 19-10 Scheduling Backups: Schedule 19-11 Scheduling Backups: Review 19-12 Backup Control File to Trace 19-13 Manage Backups 19-15 Flash Recovery Area 19-16 Summary 19-17 Practice 19: Database Backups 19-18 20Database Recovery Objectives 20-2 Opening a Database 20-3 Changing Instance Status 20-5 Keeping a Database Open 20-6 Loss of a Control File 20-7 Loss of a Redo Log File 20-8 Loss of a Data File in NOARCHIVELOG Mode 20-9 Loss of a Noncritical Data File in ARCHIVELOG Mode 20-10 Loss of a System-Critical Data File in ARCHIVELOG Mode 20-11 Summary 20-12 Practice Overview: Database Recovery 20-13 x

11. Appendix A: Practice Solutions Appendix B: Basic Linux and vi Commands Appendix C: SQL Statement Syntax Appendix D: Acronyms and Terms Appendix E Next Steps: Continuing Your Education Where Do You Go from Here? E-2 Continuing Education Resources E-3 Oracle University E-4 Oracle University Online Library E-5 Oracle Technology Network E-6 Oracle AppsNet E-7 Oracle MetaLink E-8 Thank You! E-9 xi