1. Kingdom of Cambodia National Committee for Disaster Management
Regional workshop on Methodologies of Assessment
of Social Economic Impacts of Disaster in Asia
Prepared by Khun Sokha
NCDM

2. Country Profile Consisting of 20 provinces and 4 municipalities
Capital City – Phnom Penh
Land area of 181,035 sq. km. km.
Arable & permanent crop land – 13%
Permanent pasture – 11%
Forests and Woodland – 66%
Climate is tropical dominated by 2 monsoons
Southwest Monsoon (mid-May to October)
Northeast Monsoon (October to April)

3. Demographics
Population of million to 95% are Ethnic Khmer %: Male 48.2% Rural Population – 84% Average annual population growth rate of 2.4%
(2nd Highest among ASEAN countries)
Productive age group (18 to 60 yrs old) – 43% Population 18 yrs old and below – 52%
(Imbalance due to Khmer Rouge period)

4. Social Development Indicators
Human Development Index (out of 174) 136
Population living below poverty line 36%
(75% are farmer-headed Households) Life Expectancy yrs Adult Literacy Rate %

5. Economic Indicators
Real GDP Growth Rate % Per Capita Income US$ Exports - US$ 1.13 billion Balance of Payment Surplus - US$ 71 million Present Value of Debt - US$ 1.9 billion Exchange Rate - US$1.00 = Riel 3855

6. Profile of Economy
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector % of GDP % of labor force
Industrial Sector Share in GDP increasing from 18.3% in to 23.5% in Manufacturing 78.5% Construction 18.3% Most dynamic sub-sector is Garments Industry (leading source of exports) with annual growth rate of 65% for period 1995 to

7. Profile of Economy
Tourism Sector Tourism plays a very important role in the rebuilding of the economy
Growth rate of 18.4% in 1999
Annual increase in tourist arrivals of 30% during the period 1998 to 2001
Hotel construction increased by 10% during the period 1993 to 2000

8. Natural Disasters in Cambodia
Royal Government of Cambodia National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
Natural Disasters in Cambodia

9. Flood 2000
MEKONG RIVER COMMISSION REPORTED
Laos PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand affected
The deaths in Cambodia 43% of total deaths 800 persons
40% of total damages $ 400 million
Cambodia the most affected

10. In Cambodia the most frequent and severe disasters are caused by flooding
Cambodia is naturally susceptible to annual river flooding during the main monsoon season. Localized flooding caused by monsoon thunderstorms is also a serious threat as they periodically sweep the country

11. Severe flooding has occurred in 1961, 1966, 1978, 1984, 1991, 1996, 2000 and most recently in 2001

13. LIVING WITH FLOOD

15. Tonle Sap Lake
Mekong River
Flood of 2000
Flood of 2001

16. Impact of Disasters Floods of 1996
In the 1996 floods, continuous heavy rainfall in China, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia inundated the Mekong River affecting 1.3 million Cambodians with 600,000 hectares of crops and 50,000 homes damaged or destroyed

17. Floods of 2000 Worst flood to hit the country in more than 70 years.
Total physical and direct damage was estimated at US$ 150 million, 40% of the total estimated damages of US$ 400 Million in the four countries in the Mekong River basin including Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Thailand.
Death toll at 347 (80 percent of whom were children).
Some 750,618 families (3,448,629 individuals) affected by flooding, about 85,000 families had to had to be evacuated.

18. Floods of 2001
Affected Provinces/Municipalities: 14, Districts: 84, Communes: 595
Victims Affected: 429,698 families, equivalent to 2,121,952 people
Affected population who had food shortage caused by flood: 192,284 families, equivalent to: 945,665 people
Rice partially damaged by flood: seedling 7,739 Has, Transplanted 23,7275 Has
Rice totally destroyed by flood: seedling 5,732 Has, Transplanted 144,386 Has

19. Floods of 2001 People killed: 14 (70% were children)
Houses destroyed: 2,251 houses
National roads destroyed: 39Km
Rural roads destroyed: 7,937Km
Bridges destroyed: 175 places
Schools affected by flood: 911
Health centers affected by flood: 45
Irrigation systems destroyed: 201 places

20. Floods of 2002
Affected Provinces/Municipalities: 5, Districts: 39, Communes: 296
Victims Affected: 263,264 families, equivalent to 1,005,694 people
Affected population who had food shortage caused by flood: 192,284 families, equivalent to: 945,665 people
Rice partially damaged by flood: seedling 7,739 Has, Transplanted 23,7275 Has
Rice totally destroyed by flood: seedling 5,732 Has, Transplanted 144,386 Has

21. In recent years, there has been an imbalance in the distribution of monsoon rainfall which has resulted in drought in some parts of the country
A short dry spell of 20 to 30 days during the rainy season ( May – November ) can result to extensive damage to crops
Prolonged drought was experienced in 1997 to And in 2001, while still recovering from the effects of the flood of 2000, Cambodia was also affected by severe drought

22. Drought in 2001
Affected population who had food shortage caused by drought: 132,711 families, equivalent to: 530,844 people
Rice partially damaged by drought: seedling 13,361 Has, Transplanted 89,787 Has
Rice totally destroyed by drought: seedling 8,696 Has, Transplanted 45,291 Has

23. Typhoons in Cambodia
In 2000, a series of typhoons caused similar damage in 5 provinces of the country
In 2001, six (6) provinces were hit by typhoons resulting to destruction of 743 houses, 6 school buildings and 2 temples resulting to 1 death and 11 injured
In 1992, two (2) typhoons hit several districts in Phnom Penh City and Kandal province resulting to the destruction of some 500 homes.

24. In 2001, there were 46 cases of house fires that caused the destruction of some 3,316 houses, the deaths of 5 people and 20 injured
Other disasters include Fires that occur in some of the major cities and cause extensive damage due to the lack of sufficient fire fighting equipment

25. Thank you for your attention

26. National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) Disaster Management in Cambodia

27. Royal Government of Cambodia National Committee for Disaster Management
Mission
To lead the Disaster Management in the Kingdom of Cambodia. 
Functions and Responsibilities
To coordinate with the Ministries of the Royal Government, UN
agencies, IOs, NGOs, International Communities, National
Associations, and Local Donors in order to appeal for aid for
Emergency Response and Rehabilitation.
To make recommendations to the Royal Government and issue
principles, main policies and warnings on Disaster Preparedness
and Management cum the measures for Emergency Response
and interventions in evacuating people to haven.

28. Royal Government of Cambodia National Committee for Disaster Management
To disseminate Disaster Management work to Communities and strengthen the line from the National level (Ministries / Institutions concerned) to the provincial/ Municipal/ District/ Precinct level along with human resource development aiming to manage Disaster works firmly and effectively.
T To put forward a proposal to the Royal Government on reserves, funds, fuel, means of working, equipment and human resources for Disaster Prevention and intervention in Emergency Response and Rehabilitation before, during, and after disaster,

31. Working Group on Disaster Coordination Response and Rehabilitation
Lead: National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM)
In Cooperation with
Cambodian Red Cross (CRC)
international Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
United Nation Disaster Management Team (UN-DMT)
Emergency Relief Assistance Sub-group
Lead: NCDM and CRC with support of IFRC
Food Security Sub-group
Lead: ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fishery with Support of WFP, FAO
Health Sub-group
lead: Ministry of Health with support of WHO,UNICEF
Small Scale Infrastructure , Water and Sanitation Sub-group
Lead: Ministry of Rural Development with Support of WHO, UNICEF, WFP
Preparedness and Mitigation Sub-group
Lead: Ministry of Public work and Transport and Ministry of Water
Resources and Meteorology with Support of Partners

32. Coordination with NGOs
National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) Disaster Management & Countermeasures
Coordination with NGOs
Cambodian Red Cross (CRC) – Community-based Disaster Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, Safe area development, disaster response and relief
CARE Cambodia – Community-based Disaster Preparedness project in Prey Veng province, disaster planning and training for DCDMs, donation of equipment (i.e., radios and boats), relief
Action Against Hunger (AAH) – Disaster Preparedness, Small- scale mitigation projects, Proposed Community-based Early Warning project in Kampong Cham province
OXFAM Cambodia – Disaster preparedness, response and relief, proposed Community-based Disaster preparedness in Takeo province.

33. Areas of Coordination and Cooperation with NGOs/IOs
Capacity building Activities-conduct of trainings and capacity building to member of the NCDM as well as to the Provincial Committee for Disaster Management (PCDM) and District Committee for Disaster Management (DCDM)
Damages and Need Assessment-Disaster Preparedness / Small scale mitigation projects Community based Early Warning Projects in Compong Cham Province
Emergency Relief Assistance-provision of relief goods
Disaster Preparedness-conduct of community planning
Resource Mobilization-provision of relief goods

34. Coortination with NGOs on Capability building Activity
Cambodian Red Cross (CRC)-Community-based Disaster Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, safe area development, disaster response and relief.
CARE Cambodia-Community-based Disaster Preparedness project in Prey Veng province, disaster planning and training for DCDMs, donation of equipment (i.e., radios
Action Against Hunger (AAH)-Disaster Preparedness, Small-scale mitigation projects, Community-based Early Warning project in Kampong Cham province

35. Coordination With NGOs on Capability Building Activity
OXFAM Cambodia-Disaster preparedness, response and relief, proposed Community-based Disaster preparedness in Takeo province.
Concern Worldwide-Disaster preparedness, response and relief projects. It has also provided NCDM vehicle.

36. Coordination with NGOs on Capability Building Activity
Lutheran world Federation
Church World Service
Catholic Relief Service
Pact Cambodia

37. Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
Coordination with International Organizations (IO) on Capability Building Activity
Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
International Institute for Disaster Risk
Management (IDRM, International)
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC)

38. Coordination with UN Agencies on Capability Building Activity
European Commission Humanitarian Office (ECHO)
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
World Food Programme (WFP)
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF)
World Health Organization (WHO)

39. Inter-agency Coordination

40. Coordination With NGOs on Damage and Needs Assessment
Conducted joint Damage and Needs Assessment as well as Food Security Assessment during the
Flood and Drought in Cambodia for year 2002 with
World Food Programme (WFP), CARE, Action
Against Hunger (AAH), and Oxfam of Great Britain in Cambodia

41. Flood Early Warning
and
Development

42. The weather forecast and predicting the extent and severity of flood disaster was not accurate. As a consequence, the level of preparedness was inadequate.”

43. Prior to the flood season of 2000, 2001 flood prediction was based on manual calculation.[i] During the flood season of 2000, the hydrological flood forecast model (FFM) which is based on computer spreadsheet (Excel) software was used.

44. Despite of this improvement, flood prediction was for one day forewarning only. Indeed, from a preparedness perspective, the length of forewarning was not adequate. Additionally, although television broadcasts provide situational update on the damages of flood, no public awareness about its consequences and what local actions need to be taken before and during the flood were provided.

45. During the flood season, an emergent organization was established
During the flood season, an emergent organization was established. The National Committee for Flood Protection and Management of the RGC was established in September 8, 2000 as a framework for flood forecasting and response. The Committee is headed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology

46. Cooperative Project on Flood Early Warning at the community base between NCDM and AAH in Kampong Cham and Kampong Spue Province -Provided training to the local authority and stakeholder -Build up the staff gauges in the flood prone areas (2003 and 2004)

47. Damage and Needs Assessment

48. Mobile Home Project

49. Disaster Relief

50. Safe Area Development

51. Resource Mobilization
National Committee for Disaster Management (NCDM) Disaster Management & Countermeasures
Resource Mobilization

52. Thank You for your attention
ORKUN
Thank You for your attention