1. Chapter 18 peripheral nerveous system
Nervous system
Chapter 18 peripheral nerveous system
spinal nerve
overview
cervical plexus
brachial plexus
anterior branches of thoracic nerve
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
the correlate anatomical basement of the spinal nerve injury’s location
the innervation of main joints all over the body
cranial nerve
visceral nervous system

2. overview
cranial nerve
spinal nerve
visceral nerve
peripheral nerve
visceral nerve（automatic nervous system)
sympathetic nerve
parasympathetic nerve

3. spinal ganglia（dorsal root ganglion） visceral motor ganglion
cranial ganglia
spinal ganglia（dorsal root ganglion）
visceral motor ganglion
nerve
In peripheral nervous system, the fibers assemble as nerve.
endoneural membrane
Endoneurium
lamellar sheath
epineurium
medullary sheath：is composed of Sch’s processes by convoluted neurons of layers.

4. the regeneration of peripheral nerve
the degeneration of nerve fiber
anterograde degeneration
retrogression degeneration
nerve growth factor
nerve growth factor (NGF)
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)
fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

5. (一)the construction, subdivision and fiber ingredients
Spinal cord
overview
(一)the construction, subdivision and fiber ingredients
anterior root—motor
posterior root—nerve spinal ganglia
31对
C 8
T 12
L 5
S 5
Co 1

6. the typical branches of spinal nerve
Fiber ingredients
1.Meningeal branch
2. communicating branch white communicating branch, gray communicating branch
3. posterior branch medial branch, lateral branch, muscular branch , cutaneous branches
4. anterior branches cervical plexus ,brachial plexus, lumbar plexus ,sacral plexus
somatic sensory fiber
visceral sensory fiber
somatic motor fiber
visceral motor fiber

7. the composition and position of cervical plexus
anterior branches of C1-4
branches of cervical plexus
superficial cutaneous branches
—the middle point of sternomastoid’s posterior border
1. lesser occipital nerve(C2)
2. great auricular nerve(C2－C3)
3. transverse nerve of neck(C2－C3)
（superficial cervical nerve）
4. supraclavicular nerves(C3－C4)

8. 5. diaphragmatic nerve(C3－C5)
muscular branch
dominate the muscle of deep layer, levator scapulae and infrahyoid muscles group
5. diaphragmatic nerve(C3－C5)
ansa cervicalis(loop of hypoglossal nerve)

9. the construction and position of brachial plexus
C5-8, anterior branches of T1
scalene fissure
the branches of brachial plexus
1. long thoracic nerve(C5－C7)
serratus anterior
2. thoracodorsal nerve(C6－C8)
latissimus dorsi muscle
3. axillary nerve(C5－C6)
4. musculocutaneous nerve(C5－C7)

10. 5. median nerve(C6－T1)
6. ulnar nerve(C8,T１)
7. radial nerve(C5－T１)

11. the innervation of skin of hand
M median
nerve
U ulnar nerve
R radial nerve

12. dorsal nerve of scapula(C4-C5)
suprascapular nerve(C5-C6)
subscapular nerve(C5-C7)
medial pectoral nerve(C8,T1)
lateral pectoral nerve(C5-C7)
medial brachial cutaneous nerve(C8,T１)
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve(C8,T１)

13. the anterior branch of thoracic nerve
12 pairs
the 1st to 11th intercostal nerve
the 12th subcostal nerve
cutaneous branches
lateral cutaneous branch
anterior cutaneous branch
T2 sternal angle
T4 mammary papilla
T6 xiphoid process
T8 costal arch
T10 umbilicus
T12 the middle point of the line of umbilicus and pubic symphysis

14. The segmental distribution of anterior branch of thoracic nerve
T2 areal is at the level of sternal angle
T4 areal is at the level of mammary papilla
T6 areal is at the level of xiphisternal synchondrosis
T8 areal is at the level of costal arch（between umbilicus and
xiphoid process）
T10 areal is at the level of umbilicus
T12 areal is at the level of middle point of line of umbilicus
and pubic symphysis

15. the constitution and position of lumbar plexus T12 L1-3.4
the branches of lumbar plexus
1. iliohypogastric nerve(T12,L1)
2. ilioinguinal nerve(L1)
3. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve(L２-３)
4. femoral nerve(L２-L4)
5. obturator nerve(L２-L4)
6. genitofemoral nerve(L1,L２)

16. the constitution and position of sacral plexus L4.5 S1-5 Co1
the branches of sacral plexus
1. superior gluteal nerve(L4,L5,S1）
2. inferior gluteal nerve(L5,S1,S2)
3. posterior femoral cutaneous nerve(S1-S3)
4. pudendal nerve(S2-S4)
superior gluteal
nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
pudendal nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

17. (1) tibial nerve(L4,L5,S1-S3) medial plantar nerve
5. sciatic nerve(L4 L5 S1-S3)
(1) tibial nerve(L4,L5,S1-S3)
medial plantar nerve
lateral plantar nerve
lateral plantar nerve
medial plantar nerve

18. (2) common peroneal nerve(L4, L5, S1, S2)
superficial peroneal nerve
deep peroneal nerve
deep peroneal
nerve
superficial peroneal nerve

19. the related anatomical basement of the injury location of spinal cord
the segmental regularity of the distribution of spinal cord

20. the motor related muscles for level diagnosis of upper limb nerve
the muscles detected for clinical affection and its innervation
the motor related muscles for level diagnosis of upper limb nerve
and its innervation
motor
the name of muscles
nerve
nerve segment
abduction of shoulder
deltoid
axillary C5
bending of
elbow
biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve
C5,C6
extending wrist of radialis
extensor carpi radialis muscle
radial nerve C6
extending wrist of radialis
extending elbow
flexion of finger
abduction of thumb
triceps brachii
flexor pollicis longus，flexor digitorum profundus
abductor pollicis brevis
first dorsal interossei
median nerve
ulnar nerve C7 C8 T1
C8,T1

21. The related muscles detected for level diagnosis
of lower limb nerve and its innervation
motor name of muscle nerve nerve segment
flexion of
hip bone iliopsoas muscle femoral nerve L1,L2
adduction of
hip bone ator of thigh obturator nerve L2,L3
extention of
knee quadriceps femoris femoral nerve L3,L 4
dorsiflexion anterior tibial deep peroneal L4
of ankle muscle nerve
cross-foot tibialis posterior tibial nerve L4,L 5
strephexopodia peroneus longus superficial
peroneus brevis peroneal nerve L5,S1
genuflex biceps femoris sciatic nerve S1
plantar flexion
of ankle triceps surae tibial nerve S1,S 2