1. Art and Music of the 17th and 18th centuries
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Pay attention, take notes, and LEARN!!

2. Baroque Music The Music is from Bach’s Brandenburg Concerto
Bach was patronized by the Margrave of Brandenburg.
Baroque music will reflect the major issues of the times. Scientific Revolution (logic and reason), Enlightenment, and Absolutism.

3. Characteristics of Baroque Music
One mood throughout the piece
Melody repeated over and over
Harpsicord a popular instrument
Music was a diversion in Aristocratic courts. Most of your patrons were nobility or royals.
Major artists—Bach, Monteverdi, Vivaldi, Handel

4. Mannerism Artistic movement in the late 16th century
Bridge between the Renaissance and Baroque
Represented the religious turmoil of the times.
Dark, elongated figures, emotional.
Eccentric artists—Rosso lived with a baboon and dug up corpses.

5. El Greco The Greek –actually from Spain
Elongated bodies—out of proportion.
Busy—twisted bodies and lots of people in them. Suffering and emotion.
Inner light—in most paintings—light from within.
Resurrection, The Burial of Count Orgaz, Baptism of Christ

6. El Greco Burial of Count Orgaz
Notice the elongated bodies.
Notice—God’s judgment from on high (Cath. Church)
Notice the reflective Monk
Find St. Peter—holds the keys to heaven!!

7. Baptism of Christ El Greco
Notice similar things from the previous picture.

8. El Greco The Resurrection of Christ
More examples of Mannerism with the distinct characteristics.

9. Baroque Music Bach’s Organ Fugue in G
The next musical piece you are hearing is Bach’s Organ Fugue in G Minor
Four voices repeating the same melody.
Logic, reason
Same mood—a bit dark and overpowering.

10. Baroque Art
Baroque Art was very unique to each nation so we will look at the characteristics of Baroque Art for the different countries
In general
Advanced techniques and grand scale of Renaissance with emotion and intensity of Mannerism.
Ornate, passionate, powerful, flamboyant
Art of Absolutism—showed power of state
Emphasis on motion and drama

11. Italian Baroque Two key features of Italian Baroque Major artists
It was to proclaim the power and confidence of Catholicism. Papacy and Jesuits encouraged the intensely emotional art to “touch souls and rekindle faith.”
It used the same emotion and passion to show realism
Major artists
Artemisia Gentileschi
Bernini
Caravaggio

12. Gentileschi Judith Slaying Holosfernes

13. Bernini Ecstacy of St. Theresa

14. Bernini St. Peters Cathedral (architecture) The Piazza)

15. Bernini David Slaying Goliath (motion—compare to Michelangelo)

16. Caravaggio The Conversion of St. Paul (Emotion)

17. Flemish Baroque
Refers to the Southern Netherlands (Flanders). Catholic area (modern day Belgium). Stayed with Spain after Dutch Independence.
Energy, Pomp, colorful, flamboyant.
Cheerful Chubby Cherubs
Fat is beautiful—full bodied sensual nudes
Peter Paul Rubens—Marie de Medici (2nd wife of Henry IV of France) popular subject

18. Rubens Marie Arrives at Marseilles

19. Handel For Unto us a Child is Born From Messiah
The Messiah is a religious opera. It was written in 1741
Notice how this piece is similar to the Fugue—repeats the same melody and has the same mood throughout.
The Hallelujah Chorus is the most famous piece from the Messiah

20. Dutch Baroque
Very different from Flemish Baroque. Protestant, independent, democratic.
Less religious (think Calvinism austerity here) and more daily life
Patrons—wealthy middle class merchants.
Motion and still life—capture a moment.
LIGHT SOURCE. Spotlight or window
Rembrandt, Vermeer

21. The Astronomer by Jan Vermeer Trade and banking were the main economic activities. Banking provided capital for commercial ventures.

22. The Milkmaid by Vermeer Still life became a popular genre in Dutch Baroque style. Regents, merchants, and the Orange family were major patrons.

23. Girl with a Pearl Earring by Vermeer Threats from France, Spain, storms, and others tended to bring the Dutch together. They prided themselves on the development of a unique Dutch culture.

24. Vivaldi Spring (The Four Seasons)
Vivaldi is a popular Baroque composer.
This work was a favorite of Louis XV of France.
It is a part of the Four Seasons Concerto for Violin.
Notice it goes fast, slow, fast. Once again it repeats melody and has a simple mood.
Also—notice the connection with Nature (Natural Laws)

25. The Night Watch by Rembrandt
Wars drained Dutch resources. Often they resorted to breaking dams/dikes to stave off invasion from the French. The Orange family line died out (after becoming the monarchs in England). Commercial ventures lost money and social mobility declined.

26. Rembrandt Self Portraits (light source)

27. English Baroque
Remember the upheaval of the 17th century (English Civil War, Cromwell’s puritanical reign, Glorious Revolution)
London fire of 1666—13,000 houses and 87 churches destroyed.
Literary creativity—Shakespeare
Hogarth—social critic
Wren—architect of London

28. Hogarth, Marriage a la Mode Ridiculed the nouveau riche (rising middle class)

29. Hogarth Gin Lane and Beer Street

30. Hogarth Rake’s Progress—seamy side of life The Rake sits in debtor’s prison

31. Christopher Wren Architect St. Paul’s Cathedral

32. Spanish Baroque
Spain spent lots of money—especially the Royal family. High inflation. Spain goes into economic depression
Heavy emphasis on the Spanish Royal Family.
Less pompous than the Flemish style and more realistic.
Diego Velazquez

33. Las Meninas
Velasquez
1656

34. Velazques The Infanta Margarita (Louvre exhibit)

35. Monteverdi You are Dead from Orpheus
Orpheus is an opera.
Orpheus comes from Greek myth—the gifted musician. His joy is shattered when his bride is killed by a poisonous snake.
This is when Orpheus realizes she is dead.
Mood, emotion, passion should be evident.

36. French Baroque POWER OF THE KING
France had replaced Italy as the artistic center of Europe.
Baroque became a bit too showy so they moved quickly to French Classicism.
Humanistic themes—landscapes, antiquity.
Versailles—best architectural example

37. Poussin—favorite artist of Louis XIII and Louis XIV. French Classicism.

38. Poussin Rape of the Sabine Women

39. Versailles

40. Versailles