1. COMMUNITY ECOLOGY Populations of different species that live and interact at same place and same time

2. ECOLOGICAL NICHE  Totality of adaptations to environment, use of resources and lifestyle  2 Types of Niches:  Fundamental  Realized

4. 3 TYPES OF COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS Competition Predation Symbiosis

5. COMPETITION  Intraspecific or Interspecific  Competitive Exclusion Principle  Ways to reduce competition:  Resource partitioning  Character displacement

7. PREDATION  One species uses another for food  Hunting  Herbivory  Affected by natural selection  Coevolution

8. PREDATOR STRATEGIES  Pursuit strategies  Ambush strategies  Camouflage  Attraction

9. ANIMAL DEFENSES  Mechanical defenses: quills, shells, barbs  Chemical defenses  Cryptic coloration  Mimicry

10. TYPES OF MIMICRY:  Batesian  Model and mimic  Coral snake (model) and king snake (mimic)  Mullerian

11. PLANT ADAPTATIONS  Attraction  Defense:  Structures: spines, thorns, tough leaves, wax  Chemical defenses  Warning coloration

12. SYMBIOSIS  Mutualism  Commensalism  Parasitism and pathogens

13. COMMUNITY CHARACTER CAN BE AFFECTED BY… Keystone species Dominant species

14. KEYSTONE SPECIES INCREASE DIVERSITY  Greatly affect other species  Impact is disproportionate to abundance

15. DOMINANT SPECIES  Common  Affect on community due to abundance

16. WHAT IS BIODIVERSITY? Species richness Diversity

17. WHY DO SOME COMMUNITIES HAVE MORE SPECIES?  Complexity of habitat  Geographic isolation  Habitat stress  Ecotones  Geological history

18. SPECIES RICHNESS MAY PROMOTE STABILITY More species, less important any 1 is

19. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT  Succession = stages  Species in 1 stage replaced by different species  Usu. described in terms of vegetation

20.  2 types  Primary  Secondary  Used to talk about climax communities  Currently, intermediate disturbance hypothesis  Species richness greatest at intermediate levels of disturbance