1. 1 Tien TRAN-THUONG & Cécile ROISIN INRIA Rhône-Alpes OPERA Research Project Zirst - 655 avenue de l'Europe - Montbonnot - 38334 Saint Ismier Cedex - France e-mail: tien.tran_thuong@inrialpes.fr; cecile.roisin@inrialpes.fr An Abstract Animation Model for Integrating SMIL Basic Animations With Multimedia Document

2. 2 Multimedia document model: Content, Temporal, Spatial, Link, Animation Multimedia document modeling Medias / Multimedia database Multimedia document specification Multimedia document Declarative approach for specifying multimedia document

3. 3 An animation model is defined by (f, v, a, o, t): animator: function (f), values (v), target attribute (a); target object (o); timing (t). Two approaches for creating animations Programming  high expressive power but difficult, Declarative  lower expressive power but easier for the author Modeling for declarative animation definition Animation modeling

4. 4 Objectives of the animation model: Specifying animations, Reutilization of animation, Simplifying maintenance of multimedia documents. Our approach: Abstract animation definition, Independence between media target (o) and animation definition, Independence with rendition context (t)

5. 5 O1O1 Ex. 1: transitions between images Playing sequentially a list of images with transition animations between two consecutive images  Animation modeling (f, v, a, o, t): two animation types for the modification of the alpha color attribute v= {V 1 = (0, 1) from transparent to visible, V 2 = (1, 0) from visible to transparent }; f=linear ; a=alpha; o={ O 1.. O 6 }; t={t 1..t 12 }. t1t1 time t2t2 t3t3 t8t8 t9t9 t 10 t 11 t4t4 t5t5 t6t6 t7t7 t 12 O2O2 O3O3 O4O4 O5O5 O6O6

6. 6 The animation specification can be specified thought the models: HyTime: a modifier (v, f, a, o) is projected on a time t: Up i =((“0,1”, f, a, O i ), t i ); Down i =((“1,0”, f, a, O i ), t i+1 ), where i=1..6 MHEG: an action (v, f, a, t) is referenced to an object o: Up i =((“0,1”, f, a, t i ), O i ); Down i =((“1,0”, f, a, t i+1 ), O i ) SMIL: a basic_animation (v, f, a, t) is included into or referenced to an object o: Up i =((“0,1”, f, a, t i ), O i ); Down i =((“1,0”, f, a, t i+1 ), O i ) Specification with HyTime, MHEG and SMIL Up 1 Down 1 Up 2 Down 2 Up 3 Down 3 Up 4 Down 4 Up 5 Down 5 Up 6 Down 6

7. 7 Spline path Moving a sequence of characters on a same path  Animation modeling (f, v, a, o, t) where: v= “45,350;158,260;383,440;608,260;832,440;945,350” f=spline ; a=position; o={ M,A,D,E,U,S }; t={t 1..t 6 } In MHEG, HyTime and SMIL, the author has to specify 6 animations for each character object: (v, f, a, O i, t i ), where i=1..6. Ex. 2: MADEUS characters motion

8. 8 Why actual models provide no abstract specification ? HyTime: a modifier (v, f, a) referring to one object o is projected on a concrete time t. MHEG: an action (v, f, a, t) defined directly on a concrete time refers to an object o. Action class … Object time Ref. action SMIL: a basic_animation (v, f, a, t) included into or referred to an object o has the same problems as the action of MHEG. Object … time animate animateMotion for only one object for only one object and in a concrete time Object modification … modifier Object time Ref. Projectors

9. 9 No abstraction animation specification implies: Redundancy, No reutilization, Tedious and hard editing work.

10. 10 Animation Definition Abstract extension of SMIL animation model ((f, v, a, t), o)  A = (f, v, a, ï) same SMIL semantic function animations f={discrete, linear, paced, spline} and basic animations set {set, animate, animateColor, animateMotion}, abstraction A=(f, v, a, ï) where ï is an abstract interval [0,1], several objects can refer to the same animation: (o 1, t 1 ), (o 2, t 2 ) refers to A. time projection: when the abstract animation (f, v, a, ï) is referred by the object (o, t) the abstract interval ï is projected on the concrete time t. SMIL model Our abstract model

11. 11 Example: the uses of the abstract animation A=(f, v, a, ï) by two object contexts (O 1, t 1 ), (O 2, t 2 ): (O 1, t 1, A) (O 2, t 2, A) Abstract Animation Reutilization

12. 12 Mapping the abstract time (ï) into several concrete times (t i ) The abstract time ï=«0,0.2,0.8,1» is mapped on two real times t 1 =«begin:5, dur:8» and t 2 =«begin:15, dur:10»

13. 13 Referencing O1O1 O2O2 O3O3 O4O4 O5O5 O6O6 Define just two abstract animations: UpAlpha = (linear, “0,1”, alpha, “ 0,1”) DownAlpha = (linear, “1,0”, alpha, “ 0,1”) Syntax: time Ex. 1: transitions between images

14. 14 Define just one abstract animation MadeusPath = (spline, “45,350;158,260; …”, position, “0;0.2;0.4;0.6;0.8;1”) –Syntax: … M A D E … time Animation referencing Ex. 2: MADEUS characters motion

15. 15 Example 1 the author has to defined two abstract animations: UpAlpha = (linear, “0,1”, alpha, “ 0,1”) DownAlpha = (linear, “1,0”, alpha, “ 0,1”) Syntax: …

16. 16 Example 2 the author has to defined just one abstract animation: MadeusPath = (spline, “45,350;158,260; …”, position, “0;0.2;0.4;0.6;0.8;1”) Syntax: M A D …

17. 17 See also: http://opera.inrialpes.fr/people/Tien.Tran-Thuong/Welcome.html