1. Captivity Narratives Most popular and profitable of Puritan Literature Most popular and profitable of Puritan Literature Tells the story of one individual Tells the story of one individual Usually a passive participant (doesn’t fight back) Usually a passive participant (doesn’t fight back) Who awaits delivery from evil by a rescue from the grace of God Who awaits delivery from evil by a rescue from the grace of God Faces tests and temptations—any action that might be considered “Indian” or “savage” represented a win for the Devil Faces tests and temptations—any action that might be considered “Indian” or “savage” represented a win for the Devil Compares what happens to him/her to the trials and tribulations of Biblical characters Compares what happens to him/her to the trials and tribulations of Biblical characters

2. Captivity Narratives Between 1675-1763, approximately 1,700 Colonists were taken captive by Native Americans Between 1675-1763, approximately 1,700 Colonists were taken captive by Native Americans Why? Why? Revenge Revenge Ransom Ransom To replace lost tribe members (usually Colonial Women were taken as wives of Native Americans to repopulate tribe) To replace lost tribe members (usually Colonial Women were taken as wives of Native Americans to repopulate tribe)

3. Captivity Narratives Literary Elements Literary Elements Rhetorical Purposes Rhetorical Purposes Reinforced stereotypes about “savage” Indians Reinforced stereotypes about “savage” Indians Reinforced Puritan belief that Satan (in the form of Indians) was threatening the religious society Reinforced Puritan belief that Satan (in the form of Indians) was threatening the religious society Justified the killing of Indians and the taking of their lands Justified the killing of Indians and the taking of their lands Other types of Captivity Narratives—Slave Narratives Other types of Captivity Narratives—Slave Narratives

4. Mary Rowlandson Background Background King Phillip’s War: 1675-1678 King Phillip’s War: 1675-1678 Phillip=Metacomet, Chief of Wampanoag Phillip=Metacomet, Chief of Wampanoag First Indian War after treaty between Bradford and Squanto in 1621 First Indian War after treaty between Bradford and Squanto in 1621 Rowlandson—wife of Puritan Minister Rowlandson—wife of Puritan Minister Captivity lasted 11 weeks Captivity lasted 11 weeks Credits her survival during captivity to her sustained faith in God Credits her survival during captivity to her sustained faith in God

5. A Narrative of the Captivity Book is broken into 20 removes, or journeys, the Wampanoag took MR on Book is broken into 20 removes, or journeys, the Wampanoag took MR on First American best seller First American best seller Purpose: to thrill, to titillate, to reinforce notions of “savage Indian” Purpose: to thrill, to titillate, to reinforce notions of “savage Indian” In what way would this benefit the colonists? In what way would this benefit the colonists? Themes in narrative Themes in narrative Fear and revulsion of New World Fear and revulsion of New World How does Rowlandson learn to adapt and survive while with the Native Americans? Where is there evidence that she does learn to adapt? How does Rowlandson learn to adapt and survive while with the Native Americans? Where is there evidence that she does learn to adapt? In what ways does the tribe seem to allow Rowlandson some freedom, either mental or physical, during her captivity? What does this tell us about her captors? In what ways does the tribe seem to allow Rowlandson some freedom, either mental or physical, during her captivity? What does this tell us about her captors?

6. A Narrative of the Captivity Table work Table work Follow Rowlandson’s changing attitudes toward her captors Follow Rowlandson’s changing attitudes toward her captors During initial kidnapping and 1 st &3 rd Removes During initial kidnapping and 1 st &3 rd Removes During 5 th and 6 th Removes During 5 th and 6 th Removes Ashuelot Valley Ashuelot Valley For each instance, have a marked text reference For each instance, have a marked text reference What do you think was the primary reason for Rowlandson’s change in attitude toward her captors? What do you think was the primary reason for Rowlandson’s change in attitude toward her captors?