1. Specialty Vehicle and Engine Testing Section (SVETS) Mobile Source Operations Division Pablo Cicero April 12, 2012 4 th Information Session

2. Mobile Source Operations Division

3. Why Regulate and Test Small Off-Road Engines? In general, very limited emission controls Some are two-stroke and have less efficient combustion High potential for user exposure to elevated pollutant concentrations Becoming a bigger proportion of the inventory as other sources are reduced Emission Rates: 1 string trimmer = 8 passenger cars (HC+NOx) 1 generator = 23 passenger cars (HC+NOx) Verify certification emissions

4. Why Regulate and Test Motorcycles or ATVs? Motorcycles emit 8 times more ozone forming compounds compared to LEVs and more than 40 times SULEVs State’s on-road motorcycles are 4% of the vehicles, and drive 1% of the miles, but emit 7% of the on-road ROG and CO Some off-highway vehicles (OHVs) have no emission controls (red stickers) Tampering may be prevalent

8. Cell 4 tests LDV/MDVs including 4WD/AWD vehicles. A new analyzer bench and bag sampling unit are being purchased in order to accurately measure emissions below SULEV standards. Cell 5 tests motorcycles (MC), all-terrain vehicles (ATV), off-road utility vehicles, and small off-road engines up to 50 HP. SVETS Capabilities

9. Advantages of Laboratory Dyno Testing Control over dynamic variables: speed, distance, acceleration, road load, grade Control over environmental variables: temperature, and (to some extent) humidity Ability to measure exhaust and background concentrations Ability to measure (estimate) exhaust flow Availability of calibration standards Repeatability and accuracy are the goals!

10. Basic Elements of Vehicle Emissions Testing DYNO and DRIVING SIMULATION CONSTANT VOLUME SAMPLING EXHAUST ANALYSIS Gases

11. Dynamometer for Motorcycles/ATVs Simulation of real-world operation including speed variations moving through an air mass and road resistance (chassis dynamometer) dyno roller exhaust to CVS drivers aid proportional fan vehicle restraints protective gear

12. Basic Elements of Engine Emissions Testing ENGINE DYNO DILUTION TUNNEL and CONSTANT VOLUME SAMPLING SYSTEM EXHAUST ANALYSIS Gases and PM

13. Engine Dynamometer Cell 5’s 50 HP engine dyno

14. Cell 5’s Other Engine Testing Dynamometers 5 HP 30 HP

15. Constant Volume Sampler Mixing “T” Total Volume (measured) = Dilution Air (measure) + Exhaust (calculated) = Constant Volume

16. Constant Volume Sampler (cont.) CVS Bag Sampling Unit Bags

17. Gas and PM Sampling Systems HC, CH 4, CO, CO 2, NO x and PM

19. There are some limitations for Cell 5 Inertia range from 175 lbs to 2,700 lbs Wheel-base up to 58’’ (60” roller length)

20. Coordination is very important, 2 minutes from exhaust test to evap test from key off!

21. Recent Accomplishments TRU biodiesel evaluation for multimedia assessment and as a control strategy (SSD) SOA CMU phase III for off-road engines (RD) Estimation of in-use emissions and deterioration factors for SOREs (MSOD) Conducted confirmatory testing for MC/ATVs (MSOD) Conducted confirmatory testing for SOREs (MSOD) Conducted confirmatory testing for aftermarket parts (MSOD) Conducted IUC testing (MSOD)

22. Current Programs Confirmatory testing for MC/ATVs (MSOD) Confirmatory testing for SOREs (MSOD) Confirmatory testing for aftermarket parts (MSOD) Confirmatory testing for OBD II (MSCD) Surveillance for LDVs (PTSD)

23. Future Programs PEMS evaluation for MCs (MSCD) MCs tampering (MSCD) In use DF evaluation for TRUs (SSD) Surveillance for MCs (PTSD) IUC testing for SULEVs (MSOD)

24. This is possible thanks to the team: Martin Cvjetkovic Tom DeSimone Tin Truong John Nguyen John Massetti Tom Santos Travis Wong Pablo Cicero Ha Le not shown