1. Kody Prince Karishma Mendes

2. What is Dwarfism? Dwarfism is characterized by short stature. Technically, that means an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or under, according to the advocacy group Little People of America. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WoYeU6 onK3g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iC5B3zU 0Iv0

3. Causes Dwarfism can be caused by any one of more than 200 conditions, most of which are genetic. The most common type, accounting for 70% of all cases of short stature, is called Achondroplasia.

4. Causes Dwarfism causes mostly occurs in families where both parents are an average height. In fact, 4 out of 5 of children with Achondroplasia are born to average-size parents.

5. Signs and Symptoms Dwarfism symptoms other than short stature vary considerably across the spectrum of disorders. In general, the disorders are divided into two broad categories: Disproportionate dwarfism. Proportionate dwarfism.

6. Signs and Symptoms There are some symptoms like: Poor growth Failure to thrive Short stature Short bones Short arms Short legs

7. Diagnostic Test Treatments Measurements (when young generally check up) History (look at the past medical history in your family) MRI (scan for abnormal formalities on the skull and other parts)

8. Complications Some complications: Small legs Large head compared to the body Smaller organs

9. Disproportionate Dwarfism Disproportionate Dwarfism is one category of dwarfism meaning in a way it as the same signs and symptoms.

10. Disproportionate Dwarfism Usually a person has an average-size trunk and very short limbs, but some people may have a very short trunk and shortened limbs. Some characteristic of this disorders is the head being disproportionately large compared to the body.

11. Causes The most common cause of dwarfism is a disorder called achondroplasia, which causes disproportionately short stature. the other rare disorder that causes disproportionate dwarfism is called spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita.

12. Signs and Symptoms An average-size trunk Short arms and legs, with particularly short upper arms and upper legs Short fingers, often with a wide separation between the middle and ring fingers Limited mobility at the elbows

13. Proportionate Dwarfism Proportionate dwarfism results from medical conditions present at birth or appearing in early childhood that limit overall growth and development.

14. Signs and Symptoms Therefore, the head, trunk and limbs are all small, but they are proportionate to each other.

15. Cause Therefore this disorders affects overall growth, many of them result in poor development of one or more body systems.

16. Achondroplasia A person with Achondroplasia and with two average- size parents received one mutated copy of the gene associated with the disorder and one normal copy of the gene.

17. Causes A person with the disorder may pass along either a mutated or normal copy to his or her own children.

18. Turner Syndrome Turner syndrome occurs because of a random deletion or severe alteration of an X chromosome either in the sperm or egg. The X chromosome is one of two chromosomes that determine the sex of a person. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldjb-FR- PKo

19. Causes A girl with Turner syndrome has only one fully functioning copy of the female sex chromosome rather than two.

20. Signs Symptoms Absent or incomplete development at puberty, including sparse pubic hair and small breasts Broad, flat chest shaped like a shield Drooping eyelids Dry eyes No periods (absent menstruation) Short height Vaginal dryness, can lead to painful intercourse

21. Emerging Trends http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2DSqtbxEpA