1. Planning together! www.palmecenter.org 1
Welcome everyone. Introduction of the facilitator
The participants introduce themselves and ther organisations to each other
This workshop is organised and financed by the Palme Centre
Practical information
Who will do the documentation from the workshop? Discuss with the group and make sure that someone is responsible
The questions that we will discuss can be found in our handbook and project application 1

2. Context and purpose
Start the planning process for the period
Prepare a concrete project proposal
During this workshop, we will start the planning process for our (the Palme Centre) application to Sida for the three-year-period,
The purpose is to prepare a concrete project proposal

3. Agenda A short introduction to The Palme Center The project cycle
Four cross-cutting issues
Introduction to LFA (method for project planning)
Concrete project planning- step by step- with a participatory method
The process ahead
The presentation starts with a short introduction to the Palme Center
The participants will get an overview of the linkage between a project, a programme and the overall objective of the Palme Centre
The participants will get a brief introduction to The Palme Centre four cross- cutting issues (gender, HIV, sustainable development and anti-corruption)
The workshop will focus on the planning process for their projects, where the different steps of LFA (Logical Framework Approach) will be covered, including problem analysis, context analysis, objectives, indicators, plan the activities, how to measure results and risk management.
The participants will get the possibility to work on their own projects with feedback from the facilitator.
Also information about the next step: the work ahead. What will happen after this? 3

4. The Palme Center
Vision:
People in the countries with which the Palme Center has co- operation projects live in free, peaceful and democratic societies with the respect to human rights, where the prosperity is distributed equally, and where women and man are equal.
Objective for international development cooperation:
The Palme Center’s international development cooperation partner organisations and individuals engaged in them have developed the ability to activate and mobilise people in their effort to influence the development of the society they live in and thereby to improve their living conditions.
The Palme Center works in the spirit of Olof Palme for democracy, human rights, and peace. We cooperate with people and organizations throughout the world, in nations such as Brazil, Burma, South Africa, Palestine, and Moldova.
Through our development projects, we seek to empower people to change their societies and thereby their own lives. Women, youth, and grassroots activists are our main target groups.
The Swedish Labour movement’s extensive international network enables cooperation with global partners who share our values. The role of the Palme Center is to be a coach rather than bureaucrats 4

5. Financial support and reporting
The General Public/taxpayers
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Economic Support
report
Swedish International Development Agency (Sida)
report
The Olof Palme International Center
Reporting/evaluations
report
Flowchart of Swedish International Development Cooperation
This slide shows the linkage between economic support and reporting/evaluation.
1. The Palme Centre applies for financial support from Sida for a three-year-period ( ).
2. The Swedish project organisations applies for financial support from The Palme centre,
3. The local partner organisation applies for financial support from the Swedish partner organisation
4. The local partner organsiation reports to the Swedish partner organisation
5. The Swedish partner organisation reports to the Palme Centre
6. The Palme Centre reports to Sida
The target group is important! Make sure that there is a clear linkage between the partner organisation and the target group. The target group shall be part of the planning process.
Member Organizations
report
Partner Organizations
THE TARGET GROUP

6. Let´s do it togheter! Operational level/ 4 Programme level 3 2 4 1 3
Narrative
Indicators
MoVs
Assumptions
Overall
Purpose
Result area
Activities 2 4
Narrative
Indicators
MoVs
Assumptions
Overall
Purpose
Result area
Activities 1 3
Project level 2 1
Narrative
Indicators
MoVs
Assumptions
Overall
Project objective
Intermediate objective
Activities
Your project is part of a larger process.
We all strive towards the same overall goal
All our projects should contribute to a more equal world, with less poverty and more democracy
When working with a more strategic planning, we will reach even better results. Therefore it is important to work with the planning process, as the focus for this workshop
Aggregation of results 6

7. Project planning www.palmecenter.org 7
From now on we will move on to the planning propcess. We will use the LFA method.
I will start by explaining what defines the project and the project cycle, and from there we will focus on your projects. 7

8. What is a project? Limited in time Has a separate budget
Is guided by an objective = what to achieve
Is managed by a team that plans and implements activities
Is followed up to assess whether the objective was achieved
The LFA method is used by the Palme Centre for planning the projects
Start by asking the question: What is a project? Let the participants discuss two by two.
Discuss with the whole group and go through the definition of a project:
1. Time bound. A project has a clear start and an ending, this should be clear to everyone involved in the project
2. A Separate budget
3. Guided by the objective, and NOT the activities
4. The project team is responsible for planning and implementation of the project in order to achieve the objectives
5. After completing the project, it should be assessed and evaluated, which should assess if the objectives have been achieved or not
The Palme Centre uses the LFA method for planning the projects.
We will go through the different steps of the LFA during this workshop 8

9. CompletionEvaluation
The Project Cycle
Idea
Planning
CompletionEvaluation
Activities
This slide gives an overview of the project cycle
This workshop is focusing on the planning process. 9

10. Who shall participate? The project organisations The target group
Other actors:
- who may be affected by the project
- who may affect the project
- decision makers
Non-discrimination is a precondition for a rights based approach and a work for democracy, peace and poverty reduction
Poverty is a result of unequal power structures, whereby poor people have less access to power.
It is therefore important to challenge existing power structures and to make sure that the project empowers poor and marginalised people.
The rights based approach stresses the importance of the right holders to be able to claim their rights towards the duty bearers. The organisation shall make sure that the state fulfil their obligations as duty bearers
Make sure that marginalised, an unrepresented groups (e.g. women, youths, people with disabilities) are involved as agents
The target group can be invited to a workshop when planning the project, to be able to give their views on the project
Non-discrimination is central in the work for poverty reduction, which means that marginalised people shall be given the space to claim their rights
The organisations should also be internal democratic and not discriminate marginalised people within their own organisation, and to make sure that unrepresented groups get empowered by their activities. Both the civil society and the state shall give possibilities for marginalised people to claim their rights!

11. Four cross-cutting issues
Gender Equality and Non-discrimination
Hiv and Aids
Sustainable development
Anti-Corruption
The Palme Centre has four cross-cutting issues that should be mainstreamed in the projects and programmes
These four cross cutting issues should be considered in the project planning and incorporated in the implementation of the project and its activities. Each issue is divided into analyse and action plan.
These four cross-cutting issues are a precondition for a right-based-approach
The four cross-cutting issues are:
Gender Equality and Non-discrimination
Hiv and Aids
Sustainable development
Anti-Corruption
We will now go through them

12. Gender equality and non-discrimination
All projects must include a gender analysis and an action plan
Discuss:
- How will the project affect women and men?
- What is the role of women and men within your organisation?
Action plan:
- How will you work with gender equality and non-discrimination in your project?
Remember that all projects implemented with funds from the Palme Center must include a gender analysis and an action plan concerning gender power balance.
Questions from the project application :
Analyse: Describe the situation in the project and among the target group when it comes to gender equality and discrimination (including sex, transgender identity or expression, ethnicity, religion or other belief, disability, sexual orientation and age)? Do women and men have the same power within the organisation?
Action plan: How do you plan to work with gender equality and non-discrimination in the project? How will you improve the power balance between women and men? Please be concrete.
Facts about gender:
Women are often more affected by poverty than men
Unequal power structures between men and women must be challenged by the organisations within the civil society, both within the society and within the organisation itself.
Make sure that your organisation promote women as leaders and as managers, and that women get leadership training
Make sure that all your programs and projects are planned, implemented and evaluated with a gender perspective

13. HIV and AIDS
Discuss:
Does HIV and AIDS, directly or indirectly, affect the target group/the objective of the project?
How is the awareness of HIV and AIDS in the organisation?
Action plan:
Address the issue of HIV/AIDS in the project
Make sure that people living with HIV can participate equally
HIV and AIDS are a reality in many of our project areas.
Describe how the project have included this fact in the project planning (if the project is to be carried out in sub-Saharan Africa, the project must address HIV and AIDS and it must contain an HIV and AIDS analysis and an action plan).
Questions from the project application :
Analysis: How is the HIV and AIDS situation in the project area? How would you describe the awareness of HIV and AIDS in the organisation and among the target group? Does HIV and AIDS, directly or indirectly, affect the target group/the objective of the project?
Action plan: Describe how you will address the issue of HIV/AIDS in the project. Include information regarding how you will make sure that people living with/affected by HIV and AIDS can participate equally throughout the project.
Facts about HIV:
HIV hits the most marginalised and poor people the hardest
Women are more vulnerable than men
People living with HIV does often face discrimination and stigmatisation. The civil society has an important role to play to reduce the discrimination, both towards the state (duty-bears) but also not to discriminate people living with HIV within the organisation itself.

14. Sustainable development
Discuss: - Which environmental problems may affect the target group/activities/objective of the project? - Will the project have any negative or positive effects on the environment? Action plan: - How can negative effects be reduced and positive effects strengthened?
The project’s impact on the environment as well as external environmental factors influencing the project must be considered in the project planning.
Questions from the project application :
Analysis: Which environmental problems may affect the target group/activities/objective of the project? Will the project have any negative or positive effects on the environment?
Answer here
Action plan: Describe how you will address environmental issues in the project. How can negative effects be reduced and positive effects strengthened?
Facts about sustainable development:
Pollution, land-grabbing, climate change and other environmental problems affects marginalised people even harder
The civil society should make sure that marginalised people (right holders) can claim their rights (towards duty bearers), for example the right to land
Unequal power structures are affecting peoples access to natural resources
An unequal share of natural recourses does often lead to conflicts (for example the access to water and land)
Climate change leads, in some areas, to migration. This hits marginalised people even harder

15. Anti-corruption Our definition of corruption:
Misuse of money or power to obtain personal,
often financial, benefits
Discuss:
Describe the corruption level in your project country/area
Discuss the risk that the project will be affected by corruption
Action plan:
- How will you handle the risk of corruption and ensure that granted funds are not being misused?
In many countries corruption is a common reality and a potential problem. The risk of corruption must be considered in the project planning.
Questions from the project application :
Analysis: Describe the corruption level in your project country/area. Discuss the risk that the project will be affected by corruption (internal and external).
Action plan: Describe how you will handle the risk of corruption and ensure that the granted funds are not going to be misused in the project.
Facts about anti-corruption:
The World Bank has identified corruption as one of the major obstacles to economic and social development
Sida priorities anti-corruption within the work of development co-operation
The best methods for working against corruption are participation, transparency and rules and regulations

16. LFA – Logical Framework Approach
Didn’t I say that the construction drawing was up-side-down?
Start by asking: are you familiar with the LFA method?
LFA (Logical Framework Approach) is the method used for project planning in the international cooperation world, including the Palme Center
The aim of the LFA is to create a logical chain between the objectives and the activities, with a focus on what we want to achieve (= the objectives) not what is to be done (= activities).
The idea behind the LFA method is to start with the problem, which will guide us in defining the objective, and from there to create a plan of activities based on the available recourses
LFA is is based on a participatory planning process and a key point is the involvement of the target group
It is important to analyse the target group in terms of men, women, people living with HIV, people living with disabilities, youths etc
Well, that’s easy to say now! 16

17. The Nine Steps of LFA Context analysis Stakeholder Analysis
Problem Analysis
Objectives
Activities
Resource Planning
Indicators of objectives
Risk Analysis
Preconditions for reaching the objectives
The LFA method consist of nine steps, as follows:
1. Context analysis: How is the situation in the country/region/municipality?
2. Stakeholder analysis: Which agencies, organisations, groups and people will be influence/be influenced by the project (directly/indirectly)?
3. Problem analysis: What is the major problem that the project can contribute to solve?
4. Objectives: What kind of change we want to achieve with the project?
5. Activities: What is needed to be done in order to reach the objectives?
6. Resource planning: The recourses that are needed in order to fulfil the project
7. Indicators: How to measure the fulfilment of the objectives
8. Risk analysis: Risks and threats that we need to handle (both internal and external risks)
9. Preconditions for reaching the objectives: What preconditions are needed in order to carry out the activities, to be able to reach the objectives?
We will go through the different steps, but not in this order. We will start with the most important steps 17

18. Log Frame
Overall Objective
(stated by the Palme Center in the country program)
Project Objective
Indicators 1. 2. 3.
Baseline
Means of verification
Assumptions
Intermediate Objective 1 Activities connected to the objective
Intermediate Objective 2 Activities connected to the objective
Intermediate Objective 3 Activities connected to the objective
Important information to the facilitator: The overall objective is stated by the Palme Centre in the country programme and shall be inserted in the first line (before the workshop).
This slide shows the Log Frame that is used for the application to Sida
The purpose of this workshop is to develop the matrix by working with the different parts, step by step.

19. Project planning- Four sections
First part: Problem, Objective and Indicators
Second part: Stakeholder analysis and context analysis
Third part: Activities and resource planning
Fourth part: Risk analysis and preconditions
We will now move on to the practical planning of your project
This part of the workshop is divided into four sections. Each step contains of a theoretical part and a group work.
First part: Problem, Objective and Indicators (estimated time needed: 4 hours)
Second part: Stakeholder analysis and context analysis (estimated time needed: 2 hours)
Third part: Activities and resource planning (estimated time needed: 2,5 hours)
Fourth part: Risk analysis and preconditions (estimated time needed: 2 hours)
You as a facilitator can choose how many sections to go through, depending on the time available

20. First part Problem Objective Indicators www.palmecenter.org
We will now move on to the first part of the project planning:
Problem
Objective
Indicators

21. Problem analysis
The problem analysis focuses on problems in the area where the organisation is working
The problem should be realistic for the project to try to solve
Defines the causes and effects of the problem (the problem tree)
The problem analysis must be gender sensitive, how are women and men affected by the problem?
We will now start with the first part of the planning process, the problem analysis
The problem analysis shall define the concrete problems that the project shall try to solve
Without a problem analysis it will be very complicated, if possible at all, to find the right sustainable solutions (activities) to solve a problem.
The problem analysis has to be made by the relevant stakeholders, including the owners of the problem, the people who know the situation.
The problem analysis defines the problem that should be solved, the causes and the effects of the problem. This is done in a so called Problem Tree, which I soon will explain

22. Program objective Program objective for (“your” country name):
Instructions to the facilitator: Before the workshop you should fill in the program objective for ”your” country
This slide shows the program objective for our program, which is guiding for all the projects carried out in our program (including your projects). When we are planning our project objectives, they have to be in line with the program objective for our country programme.

23. Group work- Problem tree
Discuss:
What are the major problems in your area that that the project can try to solve (be realistic)?
How are women and men affected by the problem?
What are the causes and effects of the problem?
Effects
Problem
Cause
Cause
Divide the group into smaller groups with maximum 8 participants in each group. Let them discuss the three questions at the power point.
Let the participants discuss the causes and the effects of the problem and let them write down causes and effects. This exercise will assist us in visualising the CAUSES of the problem of the focal problem and its effect and to find out how different problems are related to each other (a so called problem tree).
Write the problem, the causes and effects on card with different colours. The colour cards make it easier to clearly visualise the analysis.
In the problem tree, the causes are the roots of the focal problem, which is symbolised by the trunk of the tree. The effects of the problem form the top of the tree.
The problem shall be in line with the strategic plan for your organisation
Cause 23 23

24. Intermediate objective Intermediate objective Intermediate objective
The Project Objective is the Reversed Image of the Problem
Problem tree
Objective Tree
Effects
Overall objective
Problem
Project Objective
Indicators:
Cause
Cause
Intermediate objective
Intermediate objective
Summary- we have now gone through the problem tree and will move on to the objective tree
Without a problem analysis it will be very complicated, if possible at all, to find the right sustainable solutions (activities) to solve a problem.
We will now move on to the objective, and after that we will go though the indicators and plan of activities.
The activities should try to eliminate as many causes as possible by activities. It is important to find the relevant activities in order to eliminate the causes of the problem. Often, several activities are needed in order to eliminate one problem, one cause.
Cause
Intermediate objective
Indicators:
Indicators:
Activities:
Activities:
Indicators:
Activities: 24 24

25. What is an Objective? A status or a change that has been achieved
Not the same as an activity
LFA projects have three levels of objectives:
Overall objective (a vision we strive towards)
Project objective (a state that shall be achieved by the project)
Intermediate objective
After discussing the problems that the project should try to solve, we now move on to the next step: to formulate the objectives for the project.
The objectives is a change that we wish to achieve. Please note that an objective is not the same as an activity
There are three levels of objectives:
1. Overall objective: The highest level of objectives, which states the direction of the project shall take. The changes which will take place in the long term partly as a result of the project, in other words- the long-term vision for the project. THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE IS SET IN THE PALME CENTER COUNTRY PROGRAMME
2. The project objective is the objective that should have been achieved directly, or soon after the end of the project. If it is achieved, the causes of the problem will have been eliminated and the focal problem itself will disappear. THIS IS OUR FOCUS FOR THIS WORKSHOP
3. Intermediate objectives are the direct results of the activities there are implemented within the framework of the project. Intermediate objective, as well as the project purpose should be SMART (which I soon will explain). THIS IS OUR FOCUS FOR THIS WORKSHOP
The three mentioned levels of objective differ in time/when they shall be achieved and the possibilities available to the project owner and the rest of the project group to extent an influence on their fulfilment. 25

26. Frequent problems Too ambitious An activity instead of a objective
Not within the area of development cooperation
Not possible to verify
This slide shows some common problems with formulating the objective. Common mistakes when formulating objectives is that they are too wide,
not possible to achieve and impossible to evaluate afterwards.
Try to avoid these frequent problems:
Too ambitions: Project objective: ”A democratic South Africa” Important to note is that the objective should be reachable within the time period of the project
An activity instead of a objective: For example: To arrange a seminar
3. Not within the area of development cooperation: The project objective is that the Swedish project team shall learn more about Serbia”
4. Not possible to verify: We were very glad when in 2006 we succeeded in achieving gender equality in town X 26

27. The Project shall be SMART :
Specific
Measurable
Acceptable
Realistic
Time bound
One method that can be used when formulating the objectives and the indicators is the SMART-method.
The SMART method will assist us with formulating realistic objectives that are reachable.
Go through the content of SMART:
Specific and clear: – easy to understand
Measurable: quantitatively or qualitatively
Acceptable: also specify what it beyond the current scope
Realistic: possible to achieve
Time bound: Clear what should be done, and when 27

28. Intermediate objective Intermediate objective Intermediate objective
Group work- Objective tree
Overall objective
Discuss:
How do we want the situation to look like once we are finished (project objective)?
Which are the intermediate objectives we need to reach in order to achieve the project goal (results)?
The objectives should be SMART
Project Objective
Intermediate objective
Intermediate objective
Intermediate objective
We have earlier identified the problem that should be solved by the project, and the effects and causes. The problem shall be turned into a project objective. The project objective is the change that we wish to bring about.
Go back to your problem tree. We will now reformulate the problem, causes and effects to objectives and results. As explained earlier, there are three levels of objectives:
Overall objective: The vision that the project is working towards. In projects funded by the Palme Center, the overall objective is set in the Palme Center country programme.
2. Project objective: The concrete change that the project will achieve during the whole project period. Answers the question “how do we want the situation to look like once we are finished?”
3. Results: The objectives we need to reach in order to achieve the project objective. Answers the question “which are the intermediate objectives we need to reach in order to achieve the project goal?” Go back to the causes of the problem and try to formulate it into result. Through the result we should be able to reach the project objective
Divide the group into smaller groups with maximum 8 participants in each group. Let them discuss the two questions at the power point. The questions shall result in the project objective and the results. Go back to the problem and turn the problem into project objective, and turn causes to results.
Write the project objective and results on card with different colours 28 28

29. Indicators Assert whether the project purpose is achieved
Function as a reality check of the project purpose
Compare with the situation prior to project (a baseline study)
Can be quantitative and/or qualitative
The indicators should be gender sensitive
The indicators should be SMART
Indicator is a professional term for such a sign of change = evidence that the project purpose is achieved. It will be used as a basis in the final results reporting.
Indicators will answer the question - Are we about to reach our objectives?
Indicators assert whether the project purpose is achieved (and that the changes occurred as a result of the project) or not, we need evidence.
One way to describe results is to initially define concrete signs of the changes, in order to make a comparison in the end, before the project and after
Indicators can be objective and/or subjective
The indicators should be SMART
It is important to always analyse the indicators from a gender perspective 29

30. Example of indicators We want to achieve that … (i.e. objective)
Women have increased their influence in the local politics, with an increased income and a stronger position within the local community and within the family
…to the extent that: (indicators):
A system for dialogue between women's organisations and local decision-makers have been introduced
Women's organisations have influenced the local politics
At least 60 percentage of the participants state that their economical and social status within the family has increased, compare to before the project
Go through the example
The example from the slide can be found in the project handbook
Important to bear in mind is that the indicators should be gender sensitive (as far as possible).
Always analyse your project from a gender perspective, and how it affects women and men and how the change that we wish to achieve will empower marginalised women and men
Our projects should always strive towards challenging existing gender structures, both within the society as well as within our organisation 30

31. Group work- indicators
Go back to the objective for your project
Formulate indicators that are relevant to be able to reach the objective
Make sure that the indicators are gender sensitive
Use the SMART method
Go back to the previous example,
- We want to achieve that.... (your objective)
To the extent that.... (your relevant indicators)
Try to formulate your own indicators, by using the method above. Also remember that the indicators should be relevant and gender sensitive. The SMART method is a useful tool.

32. Baseline Defines the situation before the start of the project
Is useful when assessing if the objective has been achieved or not
Should analyse the situation for both men, women and marginalised groups
Only gather information that is relevant for your project
How can we measure if there has been a change or not?
A baseline define the situation before the start of the project
The baseline is useful for comparing the situation during, and after, the project to see if we have achieved our objective or not
Without a baseline it is difficult to know if our project has resulted in any change or not

33. Measurement methods
Different methods are relevant for different projects, some examples:
Statistics
Interviews
Surveys
Do not forget the gender perspective!
There are several methods that can be used for measuring
Depending on what kind of change that we want to achieve, different methods can be relevant
Above, following methods are mentioned:
Gather relevant statistics, both at a societal level as well as internal statistics for our organisation. It might be the percentage of women involved in the local parliament or number of members of our organisation
Making interviews, interviews can be done with for example the target group or decision-makers. Questions can be asked about attitudes towards women´s participation in politics or the living conditions for people living with hiv in a specific area
Surveys, Surveys can be done with the stakeholders, depending on the focus for the project.
Always make sure that the methods that you use are relevant for your project, and try to only gather data that will be useful. One common mistake is to gather too much information that will not be useful in the end of the project

34. Second part
Stakeholder analysis
Context analysis

35. Stakeholder analysis Who will affect/be affected by your project?
Beneficiaries/ target group
Project group (implementers)
Decision-makers
Financers
Make sure that the project empowers marginalised people
The project should challenge existing gender structures
Stakeholders can be divided into four main groups:
Beneficiaries/ target group
Project group (implementers)
Decision-makers
Financers
During the project planning process, information should be gathered from all the different stakeholder groups. When making the stakeholder analysis, think broadly of those who are influenced by or exert an influence on the activities that take place in the sector.
The project should always strive to empower marginalised people, so that they will be able to claim their rights towards duty bearers
The project should also challenge existing gender structures, both within the society and within the organisation. Make sure that marginalised women and men gets empowered by the project

36. Group work- Stakeholder analysis
Which agencies, organisations, groups and people will influence/be influenced by the project?
How will the project affect poor and marginalised people, men and women ?
How will the target group participate in the planning, implementation and evaluation?
How can we make sure that the target group , through the project, can claim their rights towards the duty-bearers?
When analysing the role of the target group, start by defining the target group (sex, age, income, work situation etc)?
How is the project empowering marginalised people?
It is of importance that poor and marginalised people are part of the planning process and the implementation and
evaluation of the project.

37. Context analysis All projects are part of a wider context
The project is influenced by economic, social and political processes
Which channels can be used by the citizens to claim their rights?
The project group needs a clear picture of the context when planning the project
All projects are part of a wider context. The project is influenced continuously by different economic, social and political processes taking place in society. It is essential that that the project group has a clear picture of the context when planning the project.
When making the context analysis, it is of importance to gather information from different groups in the society (e.g women, men, youths, elder, people living with disabilities, people living with hiv).

38. Group work- Context analysis
What are the project area´s basic development problems?
How does it affect women, men, youths, people living with disabilities, people living with hiv etc?
How can we make sure that marginalised people can claim their rights?
Is our project relevant for the context?
Let the participants discuss the questions above, and write down the answers on a flip-chart
After discussing the questions on the slide - make sure that the proposed project is relevant in the context.

39. Third part
Activities
Resource planning

40. Plan of activities Our method for achieving the goals
To eliminate the causes of the focal problem
The activities should always be relevant in relation to the objective and indicators
Often, several activities are needed in order to eliminate the problem
The activities should empower marginalised people and challenge existing gender structures
Activities is the method to achieve the goals
If the activities are planned and implemented in a suitable way, the results will be achieved. This in turn, will lead to the achievement of the project purpose and, in long term, will also influence the overall objective
The activities shall tackle the CAUSES/REASONS of the focal problem (s), the roots of the three.

41. Group work- activities
Go back to the causes of your problem (the problem tree) and the objective and indicators (the objective tree)
How will we be able to eliminate the causes of the problem and to reach the objective and results?
Discuss what activities that are relevant
It is now time for planning the activities !
When the participants starts to plan activities, they should try to eliminate as many causes as possible by activities. It is important to find the relevant activities in order to eliminate the causes of the problem. Often, several activities are needed in order to eliminate one problem, one cause.
Discuss possible activities to be able to achieve the goals.
Make an Activity Plan for the project

42. Swedish project organisations
Many projects are planned, implemented and evaluated in co-operation with a Swedish project organisation
The role of Swedish project organisations
Added values of the Swedish project organisation?
As explained in the beginning of the workshop, a project that receives financial support from the Palme Centre is always planned, implemented and evaluated in co-operation with a Swedish project organisation
How can the partnership be as mutual as possible?
What is the role of the Swedish organisation (according to you)?
What is the added values of the Swedish project organisation?

43. Group work- Swedish organisations
What are the added values of the partnership?
How can the Swedish project organisation contribute to the achievements of the objectives?
Let the participants discuss the questions above
When working in a partnership, it is of importance that the partnership is a mutual as possible
Communicate with your partner organisation- tell them how they can contribute towards the achievement of the objective

44. Resource planning All projects need resources: - Human recourses
- Financial recourses
- Material recourses
- Time
Resources are closely connected to the activities
The Palme Centre has a budget template
All projects need resources
These are some types of resources:
- Human recourses
- Financial recourses
- Material recourses
Time
The resources are closely connected to the activities (see the next step)
The Palme Centre has a special budget template (remember that a project always have a separate project budget). More information can be found in the project application ( ).

45. Group work- resource planning
Go back to your activity plan
What resources do you need to be able to carry out the planned activities?
- Human recourses
- Financial recourses
- Material recourses
- Time
How will the target group be trained in operation and management of project activities?
What recourses have been allocated to guarantee that the project can be implemented?
Has the division of roles and responsibilities within the project group been clearly divided?
Will the target group be trained in the operation and management of the project activities?
Is the budget for the project and its activities realistic and comprehensive?
Have specific dates been determined for the planned start and completion of each activity?

46. Fourth part
Risk analysis
Preconditions

47. Risk analysis Analyse risks affecting the project
There are both internal and external risks
Risk management plan- handling and avoiding the risks
Risk analysis and risk management is about analysing the risks affecting the project and plans to avoid these risks
The project group must analyse and assess different factors, which in different ways, affect the possibilities available to the projects to achieve its objective
There are both internal and extern risks,
Example of external risks: political development, natural disasters, corruption
Example of internal risks: These are the risks of the type that are possible for the project to exercise control over. It can be staff turnover, lack of relevant skills (project management, financial skills), lack of communication etc 47 47

48. Risk management plan RISK CONSEQ-UENCES PROBABI-LITY (1-5) IMPACT
RISK FACTOR
ACTION PLAN
War
End of the project 1 5
No action
Project delays
Non fulfillment of objectives, refunding 3 4 12
Realistic Activity plan
Corruption
The target group being affected, refunding 2 10
Strengthen the administration
Internal conflicts
Break up of project group 15
Discuss potential conflicts
This slide shows a risk management plan where the first step is to identify the potential risks. Make a list of potential risks (both internal and external risks) that might affect the project.
The next step (consequences) is to assess the consequences of the potential risks.
The third step (probability 1-5) is to assess the risk factor, from 1-5.
1: Not likely, 5: very likely
The fourth step (impact 1-5) is to assess the consequences in relation to the project
The risk factor= Likeliness times consequences
Based on the likeliness you should make an action plan for how to handle the risk and how to prevent it.

49. Group work- risk analysis
CONSEQ-UENCES
PROBABI-LITY (1-5)
IMPACT
(1-5)
RISK FACTOR
ACTION PLAN
Make a risk management plan for your project: Fill in the Matrix above
The risk management plan can be found in the the project application and the project handbook

50. Preconditions Preconditions for reaching the objectives
Optimise the activities, in order to reach the objectives
Question to discuss might be:
Limitation of time
Limitation of resources
Language barriers
Cultural differences
The last step is to discuss the preconditions for reaching the objectives
Above, there are some examples of questions that can be analysed

51. Group work- preconditions
Discuss the preconditions for reaching the objectives from a gender perspective:
- How can we ensure that women and men can participate on equal grounds within our project?
Let the group analyse the preconditions for men and women to participate on equal grounds
You can assist them with following questions:
Can both men and women take participate in meetings?
Who is taking care of the children during meetings, workshops etc?
Will both women and men get leadership training?

52. From Problem tree to LFA matrix
Programme Result Area
Overall Objective
Project objective
Indicator
Baseline
Means of Verification
Intermediate objectice 1/ result
Means of Verifications
Intermediate objectice 2/ result
Intermediate objectice 3/ result
PROBLEM
Cause
* För att få ordning på detta så behöver målen för projekten föras in i en matris. Vi tar alltså det problemträd som vi gjorde, och gör om det till mål och delmål…och stoppar in dessa i matrisen.
* Den översta nivån: dvs. övergripande målet, kommer från resultatområdet i det program som projektet tillhör. Det är alltså inget som projektet bestämmet, utan det kommer ”uppifrån”. Betyder det att vi ”styr” verksamheten? Både jag och nej. Främst handlar det om att vi sätter ramarna för vilken verksamhet som kan bedrivas, dvs. folkligt deltagande, fackligt samhällsarbete och partipolitisk organisering. Men inom ramen för dessa områden…så får ju respektive projekt utveckla sin egen fokus.
Cause
Cause 52

53. The way forward What to do now? Duties and responsibilities
Deadline for application: 15 August 2011
Visit the website, and download the project application
Congratulations! Hopefully, you now have a first draft of your project plan.
What is the next step from here?
Discuss with the group on how to move on from here. Who is responsible for the next step?
What will happen with the documentation from this workshop?
Visit our website to download the project application