1. The Partnership between the Maritime Industry, Marine Forecasting and Science

2. Presented by Steven K. Cook - Chairman WMO/IOC Ship of Opportunity Implementation Panel SOT II 2003, SOT III 2005 (updated)

3. Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Program Maritime Industry Participation Began in the 1700’s Ship by Ship or Captain by Captain Benefits to Science Provides cost effective tool for long term sampling Benefits to Maritime Industry Improved Marine Forecasts Improved Routing Increased Safety at Sea

4. Wave Damage at Sea

6. Ships Reporting Weather 2004

7. Some of the things we do Collect Surface Meteorological observations Usual 4 times/day High Resolution 24 times/day Launch Expendable Bathythermographs (XBT) By hand or with Autolaunchers Deploy Drifting Buoys Just throw them over the side Deploy Argo Floats Carefully Lowered by hand Collect Sea Surface Salinity Data Ocean Chemistry data (pCO2)

8. Automated Weather Systems - Climate

9. Hand Launching XBT Probe from Bridge Wing

10. Auto XBT Probe Launcher on fantail

11. Drifting Buoy Launch

12. Argo Float Launch

13. Thermosalinographs

14. Carbon Dioxide – pCO2

15. Some more things we do Atmospheric CO2 sampling Air sampling Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Towed Plankton Sampling devices Automated Shipboard Aerological Program (ASAP) Atmospheric Profiles using Radiosondes Voluntary Observing Ship Climatology (VOSClim) High quality surface met. observations including metadata

16. Atmospheric CO2 – Bridge Unit

17. CPR being lowered over the stern

18. ASAP Launch

19. Where do we need the data? Globally Along traditional ocean routes Major Shipping Lanes Data sparse regions Indian Ocean, Gulf of Guinea, S. America Bight Southern Ocean 30 to 70 Degrees South

20. Lines Occupied at least Monthly

21. Lines Occupied Quarterly

22. Vertical Temperature Section Pacific

23. 2004– Oceanographic Observations

24. Global Drifter Array

25. When do we need the data? Real – Time To initialize high seas forecasts Monthly Low Density XBT (4-6 observations/day) For improved forecasting & climate studies Quarterly High Density XBT (24 observations/day) For improved seasonal forecasting Research for developing improved methodologies Forecast currents to improve routing

26. Why do we need this data? Improve marine weather forecasts More accurate storm tracking El Nino predictions North Atlantic Oscillation research Indian Ocean Monsoon Onset Seasonal to Interannual Climate Studies Climate Modeling Decadal Climate Forecasts Global Climate Change Research

27. No ENSO Event

28. ENSO Event

29. Voluntary Observing Ships Manual observations Automated systems Real – Time systems Delayed Mode systems Special observations

30. Impact on the vessel and ships personnel Operational and Storage space. Ships power. Willingness to power on/off equipment. Allow occasional ship riders. Provide date/time/position information. Willingness to contact support personnel if problem arises.

31. VOS – Delayed Mode Systems

32. VOS – Real Time Systems

33. Looking Forward Dedicated participation by industry. Integrated shipboard systems. Dedicated scientific “space”. Minimize use of ships personnel. Official recognition of companies/ships. “Green Ships?” How do we make this work?

34. Looking Ahead

35. Links to Detailed Information http://www.jcommops.org Argo,DBCP,SOT,GLOSS ASAP,SOOP,VOS http://seas.amverseas.noaa.gov/seas/ NOAA High Density XBT http://www-hrx.ucsd.edu/ SIO High Density XBT http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov Global Air Sampling Network www.sahfos.org Continuous Plankton Recorder

36. Questions? Steven K. Cook – Supervisory Oceanographer Chairman: Ship of Opportunity Implementation Panel Steven.Cook@noaa.gov Voice: 858-546-7103 Fax: 858-546-7185

37. In a perfect world: Full Load and Calm Seas