2.  Feet sustain 2 or 3 times your body weight  Each foot has more than 100 muscles, tendons, and ligaments  6 times force of gravity is exerted on the foot during aerobic activity  67 million Americans walk to exercise  When rebounding in basketball, 10 times the force of the jumpers body weight during the landing phase  25,000 heel strikes during a marathon  Body weight of tennis player is magnified 3 to 4 times during start/stops

3. Components of Shoe Outsole- Traction, durability, various patterns (e.g.: tire of car) Midsole- shock absorption, cushioning, stability (e.g.: suspension) Upper- secures foot, stability (e.g.: body of the car) Midsole Upper Outsole

4.  Carbon rubber- synthetic rubber with carbon, used in running shoes  Duralon- soft, synthetic rubber, used in running shoes  Gum rubber-traction for indoor surfaces, used in basketball, cross-training, and volleyball shoes

5.  Waffle-running shoes  Herringbone-court shoes  Hybrid- mix of waffle and herringbone, cross- training  All-trac-mixture of waffle, herringbone, and hybrid, outdoor  *Enhancements (Flex grooves, outriggers)

6.  Eva- cheapest material, compressed foam, lightweight  Phylon-responsive, light, molded, contains Eva  PU-durable, stable, heaviest, firm  Phylite-composed of Phylon and rubber, molded, acts as a midsole and outsole

7.  Footframe  Contoured footbed  Footbridge  Midfoot shank  Dual density Phylon

8.  Test run  Sport-specific  Individualized  Determine Foot-type  Workout Regime

9. What is most important about buying a sport specific shoe? Should we take into account gender when Selecting a shoe?

10.  Prevention of injuries  Performance driven shoe  Gender-specifically designed (weight, structure, cushioning etc) Key: cushioning, stability, surface, distance

11. OVERPRONATIONSUPINATION  Roll of the foot too far inward  Weight on the inside of the foot  Unstable  Flat/low arches  *Pronation-normal motion of foot  Opposite of pronation  Weight on the outside of the foot  Higher arches

12. OverpronationSupination

13.  Curved Last- will benefit individuals with a high arch (flexibility)  Straight Last- beneficial for individuals with over- pronated feet (stiffness)  Semi-curved Last- flexibility and stability *Activity

14.  Aerobics- shock absorption, forefoot cushioning and stability, lateral movement, cross-trainer  Biking/Cycling- really need a shoe engineered for biking but you can pass with a cross-trainer, stiff, rigid outsole, shank  Hiking-uneven ground, need good traction and flexible shoe on forefoot, trail-running shoe  Running-rolling motion of the foot, slightly elevated heel

15.  Basketball-lateral movement, pivoting, cutting, start/stops, jumping, hard surface, ankle support, shock absorption  Volleyball- midfoot cushion, responsive shoe, flexible  Walking-cushioning and stability  Tennis-needs to be specifically designed for tennis to allow some sliding, start/stops, lateral movement, soft arch, padded forefoot

16. Life Expectancy of Athletic Shoes -Replacement of your shoes with wear and tear is imperative -Signs of wear: -worn out outsole -cracks in midsole -diminished elasticity -Ramifications of wearing old worn-out shoes: -back pain -knee pain -foot/ankle pain -Hip pain

17.  Run: 350-500 miles (4-6 months)  Walk: 500-600 miles ( once a year)  Cardio, weights: 70-90 hrs of exercise  Basketball: every 3 months  Determinants of Sneaker life span -workout (type, frequency, duration, intensity -weight

18.  Nike Free (3.0, 5.0, 7.0)  Equalon  Pegasus  360/180  Walker  Shox  Impax  Basketball/volleyball  Vapor  Alvord

19.  Encapsulated Air- least expensive, absorbs impact  Visible Air- pressure distributed around heel  Blow Molded-more complex, highest air volume, sport specific  Zoom Air-thin, responsive  Tuned Air-highest air volume, sport specific, specific to body weight, low air pressure  Tube Air-softer, consistent cushioning over a broader base, stability

20. The fantastic foot. (2004). Foot Care Basics (2007). Spiker, T. (2007, June). THE RUNNER’S BODY. Runner’s World, 42(6), 79-80. The Art and Science of Athletic Shoes. (1991, October). Current Health 2, 18(2), 24. Kirby, M. (2005, October). TEST-RUN. National Geographic Adventure, 7(8), 48-48. Scott Frampton. Esquire. New York: Jul 2006. Vol. 146, Iss. 1; pg. 46, 1 pg Switch out your sneakers. (2006, September). Shape. Radovic, P. (2005). Running & your feet. California Foot & Ankle Associates, Inc (2005). Nike On-Boarding