2. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO WTO SEMINAR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND CAPACITY-BUILDING RELATED TO THE AGREEMENT ON THE APPLICATION OF SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES Geneva, 5 November 2002 Presented by Dr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento Senior Advisor - UNIDO Office at Geneva UNIDOS ACTIVITIES RELATED TO MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION & SPS MEASURES

3. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDOs Conceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach UNIDOs TBT& SPS related programmes: an overview SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project UNIDOS ACTIVITIES RELATED TO MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION & SPS MEASURES

4. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE TAKING LIMITED ADVANTAGE OF IMPROVED ACCESS CONDITIONS BECAUSE: They have serious shortfalls in capabilities They face major non-tariff barriers to trade

5. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO CAPACITY SHORTFALLS often incompatible with international standards. Standards Metrology and testing no recognized laboratory capacities. Supply unable to produce goods of competitive quality and quantity. Tradelittle say in international trade agreements Marketing and export promotion unable to identify and attract target consumers

6. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO

7. MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR TRADE TRANSPORTATION & TRANSIT TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE (TBT) NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS SANITARY & PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES (SPS) REGISTRATION, DOCUMENTATION & CUSTOMS ISSUES INVESTMENT & FINANCIAL MATTERS

8. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO PRE CONDITIONS FOR MARKET ACCESS The three Cs Enhanced COMPETITIVENESS of Supply Capacity Countries must have marketable products to sell Recognized CONFORMITY with standards Products must meet market/client requirements Efficient CONNECTIVITY to Markets Rules for trade, customs must be harmonized

9. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Connect to the Market MARKETSMARKETS PRODUCTS PRODUCTS Products to Market ….by upgrading supply capacities and standards infrastructures Develop Competitive Manufacturing Capability Prove Conformity with Market Requirements CompeteConformConnect

10. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS & RULES FOR TRADE WTO INVESTMENT FACILITATION FINANCIAL FLOWS UNCTAD STANDARDS & CONFORMITY ASSESSMNT INFRASTRUCTURE (TBT, SPS) UNIDO, FAO, WHO CUSTOMS PROCEDURES TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTATION UNCTAD, IMO SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT (Capacity & Competitiveness) UNIDO EXPORT PROMOTION ITC A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY FACILITATES MARKET ACCESS CompeteConformConnect

11. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDOs Conceptual framework|: the 3 Cs approach UNIDOs TBT& SPS related programmes: an overview SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

12. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDOs Trade Facilitation & Market Access Programmes Strategic choices: Support at national level through UNIDO Integrated Programmes Engage with regional economic integration processes Focus on sectors and products with high export potential

13. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO TOTAL NUMBER TOTAL NUMBER WITH FUNDING TOTAL FUNDING REQUIREMENTS AVERAGE ANNUAL FUNDING RECEIVED AVERAGE PROGRAMME DURATION 38 32 US$49.837,735 US$ 5,800,000 3 YEARS OVERVIEW OF UNIDOS INTEGRATED PROGRAMMES AVERAGE ANNUAL FUNDING REQUIREDUS$16,612,578

14. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF ACTIVITIES

16. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Trade Facilitation: MSTQ for Market Access Engagement with regional economic integration processes UEMOA SADC ECOWAS (LDC) LATIN AMERICA Central America ARAB COUNTRIES AIDMO /ESCWA /UNDP Yemen ASIA South-Asian LDCs AFRICA Being Finalized Follow-up LDC III: Regional programme for Trade participation Regional Programme National Programme strengthening Competitiveness for WTO accession $ 2,700,000 12,500,000 $ 5,300,000; being Finalized $ 2,500.000Mekong-Delta

17. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Accreditation Accreditation secretatiat at UEMOA Laboratory network Harmonisation of methods of analysis Standardization Regional coordination system Regional standards documentation center Harmonisation of technical regulations Quality Promotion Sectoral technical structures Consumer protection Promotion of standards, technical regulations & quality management UEMOA award 2002 ACTIONS Approved 12.5 ml Coordination Unit established Awarenes phase on going Training Seminars (Standards, ISO 17025 Study tour to SADC/Central America Establishment of a UEMOA System for Accreditation, Standardization and Quality Promotion Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte dIvoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo

18. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDO / SADC Initiative to Eliminate current and potential TBTs Assistance in building up the regional infrastructure for the elimination of TBT. The framework for the SADC Regional Programme was formulated at a UNIDO - SADC/SQUAM Workshop held in Pretoria, South Africa 27 - 31 August 2001. The Programme will give effect to the SADC Protocol on Trade (1 st September 2000) and enable members of SADC to meet WTO requirements on the elimination of non-tariff barriers to trade within eight years. The Programme will enable SADC countries to take advantage opportunities to enhance their manufacturing and export capacity

19. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Facilitating trade participation of 7 ECOWAS countries through enhancement of standards, metrology, testing, quality promotion and related services Focus: Main export commodities, such as food, textile and leather US$ 88,500 German funding for programme preparation Programme Components: Strengthening of supply capacities Increasing market reach, harmonization of standards Development of conformity assessment, laboratory accreditation Market intelligence services and export promotion Strengthening of trade negotiation capacity Streamlining of custom procedures Cooperating Agencies: WTO, UNCTAD, ITC, PTB Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea (Conakry), Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone.

20. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Preparatory assistance funded by UNIDO Programme finalized Launching by Vice-Presidents Trade facilitation in Central America The Programme aims at tackling specific technical barriers to trade (TBTs) in production areas with critical export potential. Part of the technical assistance will be to improve the required infrastructure for standardization, product certification and information networks, and the introduction of quality management systems at the enterprise level. An important component will be to estimate the losses and foregone benefits afforded by the Central American countries to enter harmonized markets because of difficulties to comply with their technical regulations and standards. The Programme is being developed with relevant UN partner agencies will also be active partners. With a budget of approximately US$ 5 million and a time span of three years, the programme is expected to significantly improve the access to market of products originating from the region, thus spurring economic growth and creating employment opportunities 2002 ACTIONS

21. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO 2001 ACTIONS Programme Formulation Trade facilitation in Asia The Programmes are based on UNIDO work in LDCs in Asia in 1998 South-Asian LDCs Mekong-basin countries Regional Programme for Arab Countries Cooperation with AIDMO, ESCWA and UNDP Focus on Regional Accreditation Cooperation between standards bodies in Arab countries and in other regions 2001 ACTIONS Programme Finalization Expected final approval (UNDP)

22. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO UNIDOs Conceptual framework|: the 3 Cs approach UNIDOs TBT& SPS related programmes: an overview SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

23. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Situation Before Major fish industry (Nile perch) developed around Lake Victoria, shared by Tanzania 51%, Uganda 43% and Kenya 6% Revenues from exports exceeded USD 200 million/year Employment for almost 500.000 people Favorable ground for local suppliers and complementary industries.

24. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Effect of Lake Fish Poisoning EU export ban imposed in 1999 Fish exports dropped by 50% in Tanzania and Uganda 30% of workers lost their jobs Most of the fish factories closed or worked far below capacity

25. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Challenge – Project Objectives Identify immediate and structural deficiencies Establish solid foundation for fish safety system Lift the ban imposed by EU

26. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET) THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Appropriate strategy for risk analysis, management and communication Appropriate food control legislation (FAO) Coordination and monitoring mechanisms involving all the stakeholders

27. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET) THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Inspection (regulations enforcement, system auditing and product certification, hazard identification and analysis) Support services: Testing analyses (GLP-accredit. ISO17025), training and certification bodies; etc.

28. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET) THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Strengthening individual and collective awareness and skills of personal Implementing GHP and HACCP based programs with benchmarking mechanisms Implementing quality management systems

29. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS) CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET) THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA Collective awareness through the media Education focusing on young generation through school programs Strengthening capacity of consumers organizations

30. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Project Implementation Integrated corrective actions taken by UNIDO in partnership with 1.Uganda National Bureau of Standards 2.Tanzania Bureau of Standards 3.Federation of Kenya Employers 4.Lake Victoria Fishers Cooperative 5.UNDP, WHO, FAO, DFID 3 years, USD 4.6 million Sources of funds: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, UNDP, UNIDO

31. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Results achieved Organizational and regulatory framework for fish industry improved, service capacity for fish inspection strengthened Testing laboratories locally available and internationally recognized In-plant group training carried out in 17 factories for 950 staff and critical mass of expertise provided to processing plants in GHP, HACCP, ISO 9000 Quality control upgraded at all levels EU ban lifted by the end of 2000 and new market in US opened

32. UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry Lessons learned Establishment of QMS and HACCP systems was essential for restarting fish export Strengthening simultanuoesly local support institutions such as standardization bodies and testing houses, inspection and certification bodies was decisive to regain the EU market and get access to new markets HRD was indispensable to upgrade technical skills of the fish processing plants and support institutions