1. AIDS in Africa: Past and Future Peter Piot Souleymane Mboup Meskerem Grunitzky Bekele

2. Spread of HIV in Africa 198519901995 20012007

4. HIV prevalence (%) among 15-24-year-olds, by gender, selected sub-Saharan African countries, 2005 2007 Swaziland South Africa Zimbabwe Central African Republic Côte d'Ivoire Sierra Leone Rwanda Guinea Ethiopia Benin DR Congo Niger Senegal Uganda Chad Mali 0510152025 % HIV prevalence Female Male Southern Africa Central Africa Eastern Africa Western Africa

5. 10 top causes of death in Africa 1.AIDS 2.Malaria 3.Lower respiratory infections 4.Diarrhoeal diseases 5.Perinatal conditions 6.Cerebrovascular disease 7.Tuberculosis 8.Ischaemic heart disease 9.Measles 10.Road traffic accidents Extrapolated from WHO data

6. Research – the early years

9. Projet Sida, 1984

10. Research Heterosexual transmission SIV and SIV cpz HIV2 TB and HIV PMTCT, breastfeeding and HIV transmission Genetic diversity of HIV Risk factors for sexual transmission

11. Intervention research 1980s HIV prevention among sex workers 1990s Impact of STI treatment on HIV infection 1999 Nevirapine for PMTCT 2000 Cotrimoxazole to prevent opportunistic infections 2007 Male circumcision for HIV prevention

12. Social Science Research 1980s Sex and sexual behaviour 1990s Sex work, STIs and HIV Socio-economic impact Counselling and testing 2000s Orphans Political science Sexual networking & behaviour patterns Stigma Establishment of SAHARA

13. Political Leadership AbAb OAU, Abuja, 2001

14. Community mobilization TASO, 1987

15. Activism

16. Tipping point: 2000-2001 African Development Forum, Addis International AIDS Conference, Durban UN Security Council session on AIDS in Africa G8 Okinawa Declaration World Bank Multi-Country AIDS Programme for Africa Millennium Development Summit World Trade Organisation Agreement on TRIPS UN General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS OAU Summit, Abuja

17. Drug Access Initiative

18. Drug prices fall

19. International expenditure on AIDS and STIs in sub-Saharan Africa, 2002-6 2000 20022003200420052006 1000 500 0 1500 220 554 1093 1612 1688

20. 0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 200720082009201020112012201320142015 Projected Financial Resources Required in sub- Saharan Africa if current scale-up trends continue (US$ Millions)

21. Expansion of HIV treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa Millions Year 0.5 2.0 1.0 1.5 2.5 0.0 end- 2001 end- 2002 end- 2005 end- 2006 end- 2003 end- 2004 end- 2007 1997

22. HIV Prevalence among pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics in Sub Saharan Africa 1997-2006 HIV Prevalence among pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics in Sub Saharan Africa 1997-2006 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1997199819992000200120022003200420052006 Years HIV % Cote d'Ivoire Ethiopia Kenya Burkina Faso Zimbabwe

23. The next 25 years Add long-term approach to crisis management: aids 2031 project scenarios for Africa