1. World Englishes Bridget Green Based on
WTUC

2. A lecture Ready? Listen. Ask questions. Take notes.
Take a quiz using your notes.
Ready?

3. English is a global language.
What does that mean?

4. What are the top five languages?
Mandarin
Spanish
English
Hindi
Russian

5. In order… 1 Mandarin 2 English 3 Hindi 4 Spanish 5 Russian
But Mandarin is not considered a global language.
Why not?
In order… 1
Mandarin 2
English 3
Hindi 4
Spanish 5
Russian
The estimated ranking of languages when second language use is taken into account. (Based on Ostler, 2005)

6. Did you know…? English is spoken in countries on all five continents.

7. 20% One out of five! Do you know…?
Worldwide what percentage of people speak English?
One out of five!
20%
Source: English 2000 Facts and Figures by the British Council

8. Did you know…?
More than one and a half billion people are learning English worldwide.
1,500,000,000
Source: David Crystal ‘Why English: The Historical Context’

9. Did you know…? 66
More than _________% of the world’s scientists read in English.
Source: English 2000 Facts and Figures by the British Council

10. Did you know…? 68
More than _________% of websites on the internet are in English.
Source: English 2000 Facts and Figures by the British Council

11. Did you know…? 75
More than _________% of the world’s mail is written in English.
Source: English 2000 Facts and Figures by the British Council

12. Did you know…? 80
More than _________% of the world’s electronically stored information is written in English.
Source: English 2000 Facts and Figures by the British Council

13. Did you know…? There are 350 million+ native English speakers.
Source: English 2000 Facts and Figures by the British Council

14. Did you know…?
There are more than 1 billion non-native English speakers.
Source: David Crystal ‘Why English: The Historical Context’

15. x 3 1: 3 Compare: 350 million 100 million+ native English speakers
non-native
English speakers
x 3
350 million
100 million+
1: 3
Source: David Crystal ‘Why English: The Historical Context’

16. Where did it start? Native English speakers come from many countries…
New Zealand UK
Australia
Ireland
South Africa
USA
Canada
“The Inner Circle”
Source: Kachru 1992

17. How many are there?
Distribution of Native English speakers by country…
Ireland
New Zealand
South Africa
etc
Source: Wikipedia/David Crystal 1997

18. And then what happened? “The Outer Circle” imperialism
a political system in which one country rules a lot of other countries
Source: Kachru 1992

19. And then what happened? “The Outer Circle” colonialism
when a powerful country rules a weaker one, and establishes its own trade and society there
Source: Kachru 1992

20. And then what happened? “The Outer Circle” Zambia Nigeria Tanzania
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Ghana
Singapore
India
The Philippines
Kenya
Malaysia
Pakistan
Source: Kachru 1992

21. English is used inside the country as an official language.
The Outer Circle?
Zambia
Nigeria
Tanzania
Bangladesh
English is used inside the country as an official language.
Sri Lanka
Ghana
Singapore
India
The Philippines
Kenya
Pakistan
Malaysia
Source: Kachru 1992

22. English is used by professionals in some contexts.
And then what happened?
“The Expanding Circle”
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Russia
China
English is used by professionals in some contexts.
Taiwan
Egypt
Nepal
Indonesia
Saudia Arabia
Israel
Japan
Korea
Source: Kachru 1992

23. The Expanding Circle?
pilots
researchers
travel agents
news media
scientists
teachers
computer programmers
etc.
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Russia
China
English is used by professionals in some contexts.
English is recognized as an important international language.
Taiwan
Egypt
Nepal
Indonesia
Saudia Arabia
Israel
Japan
Korea
Source: Kachru 1992

24. English has been exported…

25. Japan:
aikido, banzai, bonsai, futon, haiku, judo, kamikaze, sake, samurai, tofu, sushi, shogun, tycoon, typhoon, Zen, etc
Africa:
chimpanzee, trek, voodoo, yam, etc
Native American:
canoe, chipmunk, skunk, squash, hurricane, avocado, cocoa, chili, chocolate, etc
China:
ketchup, chopsticks, bonsai, yen, china, tea, etc
English
Middle East:
alcohol, apricot, zero, assassin, giraffe, algebra, etc

26. Different varieties of English…
Dialect =
a variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary
Why do dialects develop?
group
time
isolation
Source: Answers.com

27. Different varieties of English…
group
time
isolation
Dialects of English have developed in all of the countries that use English daily.
= inner and outer circle countries
Source: Answers.com

28. Different varieties of English…
sound different.
Carribean English:
He come wit me dat day.
New Zealand English:
I hev a pine in my hid.
Indian English:
I hate to pay the tex.
Source: Answers.com

29. Different varieties of English…
use different vocabulary.
Indian English:
My head is paining.
African English:
You are looking very fat.
Australian English:
If he’s within cooee, we’ll find him.

30. Different varieties of English…
use different grammar.
Indian English:
I am understanding about it.
Carribean English:
Where _ dat bai?
British English:
I’m fine. I needn’t go to _ hospital.

31. World Englishes World Englishes. This is why we say
It’s not one English.
It’s many different Englishes.

32. Language and dialect Languages: Dialects:
English, German, Japanese, etc.
Dialects:
South Asian English, British English, South African English, American English, etc.

33. Different varieties of English…
Which English is correct?
British English
because it was first?
American English
because it has the most ‘native speakers?’
Source: Wikipedia.com

34. No dialect is more ‘correct’ than any other.
All!
No dialect is more ‘correct’ than any other.

35. What’s the difference between a language and a dialect?
A language is exactly the same as a dialect
but bigger and stronger.
A language is a dialect
with an army and a navy.
HA!
Source:

36. Why is this important?
English is a world language and has been for hundreds of years.
Each isolated group, over time, develops its own dialect.
All dialects are ‘correct’.

37. One dialect is not ‘better’ than another.

38. Why learn about World Englishes?
(= expanding circle)
Non-native speakers
get ‘international’ jobs and
speak to other non-native speakers from other countries.
use English to

39. English… is a tool. can be used in your home country.
can be used in other non-native English-speaking countries.

40. 1: 3 Remember: It is highly likely that most of your future contact
in English
will be with other non-native speakers.
native
English speakers
non-native
English speakers
1: 3
Source: David Crystal ‘Why English: The Historical Context’

41. World Englishes
A tool that you can use for the rest of your life!