1. Private & Confidential PPLive A Practical P2P Live System with Huge Amount of Users Gale Huang P2P Software Architect galehuang@synacast.com Shanghai Synacast Media-Tech Corp. Sept. 2007

2. Private & Confidential Agenda What is PPLive? – An online video broadcasting and advertising network – An efficient P2P technique platform and test bench in the world Common & Special characters Continuous self-adjustment procedure Key points PPLive most concerns for

3. Private & Confidential 1. What is PPLive?

4. Private & Confidential What is PPLive? – An online video broadcasting and advertising network Provides an online viewing experience comparable to that of traditional TV broadcasting 75 million global installed base and 20 million monthly active users 600+ channels on PPLive with content ranging from news, music, sports, movies, games, live video and other interactive services to a global audience – An efficient P2P technique platform and test bench History of PPLive: Bills story – Inventor of PPLive core technology – Dropped out of post-graduate program to start PPLive in dorm and grew the user significantly in the first two years. Introduction of PPLive Estimated global installed base75 million Monthly active users*20 million Daily active users3.5 million Peak concurrent users2.2 million Monthly average concurrent users1.5 million Weekly average usage time11 hours

5. Private & Confidential Industry Trends Napster BitTorrent Skype PPLive File Sharing Downloading Video Streaming VOIP 2001 2003 2004 2005 Basic Applications Advanced Applications PPLive is well positioned to exploit the next explosive growth

6. Private & Confidential Introduction of PPLive Focus on P2P Streaming Encoding & Decoding MPEG-4 H.264 Digital Rights DRM Digital Watermark Napster/ Kazza eMule/ Poco P2P file share Bit Torrent/ Thunder Dudu Accelerate P2P Download Accelerator PPLive P2P Streaming Skype Headcall P2P-Voip xPlus/ ZCom/ Poco MagBox P2P-Magzine P2P technology Streaming technology

7. Private & Confidential Introduction of PPLivedistribution view PPLive is a P2P Live System – Media Publish System – P2P content delivery network – End users PPLive player – Multi-media formats Supported – DRM Supported Movie Entertainment Online Show Sports

8. Private & Confidential Common and Different Characters

9. Private & Confidential Common points – what topology of p2p architecture to be chosen Tree based (multi-tree based) Mesh based Unstructured Other DHT based… – How to organize peer nodes? – How to make peer nodes know and communicate with each other ? Find the partners Make use of the partners – How to manage the resource? – Most concern about the metric of the P2P System Common characters

10. Private & Confidential Different points Most different points – Viewing experiences is the most important metric – Much more practical – Feedback from the PPLive test bench itself 75m end users Consider their viewing experience Take responsibility of all users Part of users have updated version which is under control, before spreading to all of users Ideas Theory PPLive test bench Feedback Improvement

11. Private & Confidential Feedback network Test network Feedback ( Global)

12. Private & Confidential PPLive software Architecture PPLive has centralized servers taking charge of registering, providing the source and bridging with other applications DHT based Super Node consists of stable SN and virtual SN Each SN takes charge some Channels in Live system ; while in VOD system, each SN takes charge of a certain area In each P2P group, we can assign a special p2p algorithm different with other groups One Channel, One P2P Group One P2P Group, One P2P Strategy Smart routing Algorithm Global Distribution

13. Private & Confidential Peer node architecture Peer node – Key point of the whole P2P System – Implementer of the smart routing algorithm – Hierarchical design – A unified interface provided to the high level applications PPLive Peer node architecture Net P2P APP

14. Private & Confidential PPLive Software Architecture Network layer view P2P layer view Global view

15. Private & Confidential PPLive Common Overlay A Common overlay network contains – Query queue(P2P orders) Application related –Real streaming –VOD –File sharing – Download from the query queue (How to execute the orders) Application independent Ability of uploading and downloading

16. Private & Confidential Continuous self-adjustment procedure

17. Private & Confidential 1 st Misunderstanding – For most P2P System, it is commonly thought: The more users look simultaneously the better view experience the users will have. Conclusion – For most p2p system, especially for streaming applications (bandwidth wasted and real time requested application ), it is not necessarily the truth. – User scale greatly influences the architecture; Continuous self-adjustment Nov. 2004 May 2005 Dec. 2006 Distributed Index Server supported Initial PPLive core with Single Global Index Chord based DHT is used for all Index Servers Oct. 2006 Gossip based Peer communication mingled with DHT Smart SN introduced to corporate with peers May. 2007 Unified p2p platform proposed to support multi-applications Jun. 2007

18. Private & Confidential 2nd Misunderstanding – Theoretical model can lead to the real performance evaluation Conclusion – Modeling the system has a big help to design and optimize the P2P application – P2P Systems capacity can just be proved by the fact of real operation 1 PC server 10Mb distribution bandwidth 500kbps video 250,000 audiences 50,000 audiences from abroad Source: PPLive database Over 250K peak simultaneous users to watch the Super Girl Live, China, Q3 2005 1 PC server 10Mb distribution bandwidth 400kbps video 1,480,000 audiences Source: PPLive database A NBA play-off game with Huston Rocket, Live, China, Q2,2007

19. Private & Confidential 3rd Misunderstanding – Experimental environment can represent the real network environment. Conclusion – PPLive was also born from the CERNET, which is specially for educational use and very idealistic for P2P experiment – PPLive encountered many difficulties while walking out from CERNET Heterogeneous network Unpredictable user pattern Asymmetric network Poor network condition, half of them are 512kbps bandwidth, while we run 400kbps video on it – Stronger and smarter algorithm should be used

20. Private & Confidential Key points PPLive most concerns for

21. Private & Confidential PPLive Platform Strategy Broadband Network Infrastructure Content ProviderAdvertiserServices ProviderEnd Users VOD SystemFile SharingLive SystemOthers… Distributed Storage P2P Content Deliver Network

22. Private & Confidential Continuous self-adjustment (cont) Deeply improve the users viewing experience – Based on the P2P streaming technology – Adapting for Chinese complicated network environment Integrate the multi high level applications into this platform Open the part of the platform interface to public – Let others join in this platform

23. Private & Confidential Thank you! Question Time PPLiveP2P changes our lives