1. Establishing the Need for Disability Income Protection (A Primer)

2. Course Objectives To provide an understanding of the employees need for disability insurance Provide you statistics on disability that you can use to better understand the need and provide to the employer groups you work with To review demographic and economic realities of disability planning in the workplace

3. Fact vs Reality Myth: People with disabilities are a small segment of the US population. Fact: People with disabilities are the largest single minority group in the nation Myth: Disability is an unusual, pathological condition Fact: Disability is experienced by almost everyone, particularly as they age Myth: Disability affects other peoples lives Fact: 29.2% of families have at least one disabled member. Disability affects nearly all families at one time or another.

4. Facts vs Reality (cont.) Myth: Disabilities begin at birth or early childhood Fact: Only 1/5 (21%) acquire their disability before age 20; more than ½ (53%) have onset after age 40. Myth: Disability is purely a medical problem: treated by doctors and specialists Fact: Disability is largely a social phenomenon that should be addressed by the entire community – with a focus on enabling people to live independent lives.

5. What is the Need? The core definition of disability insurance is the financial protection for employees unable to work due to an accident or illness. There is still a great deal of need for disability insurance benefits. Disability insurance comes in a variety of forms; individual, group, franchise, etc. That is the subject of a future presentation.

6. The Probability of Disability Every 1.5 seconds someone in the U.S. becomes disabled by injury – The National Safety Council, Injury Facts 2001 Annually, nearly 4M suffer disabling OTJ injuries 30% of people age 35-65 will suffer disability for at least 90 days – HIAA If < age 35, theres 1 in 3 chance of being disabled for a least 6 months during working years – National Underwriter

7. The Probability of Disability At age 42, you are four times more likely to be seriously disabled than you are to die during your working years 25 year old has 58% probability of becoming disabled for 90 days or longer at some point in their working years - Society of Actuaries

8. The Need for Disability Coverage Between the ages of 35 and 65, you have a 50- 50 chance of being able to work for more than three months* During the course of your career, you are 3.5 times more likely to be injured and need disability coverage than you are to die and need life insurance** *Society of Actuaries; Money Magazine, April 2000 ** Health Insurance Association of America, 2000 *Society of Actuaries; Money Magazine, April 2000 ** Health Insurance Association of America, 2000

9. Definition of Disability Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one/more major life activities What constitutes substantial limitation? An intangible; the will to work

10. Categories of Disability Impairments Developmental Learning Physical Mental Social Combinations of the above

11. The Current Market Position In a survey of employees age 25-60 – 29% of companies with 11 to 100 employees have disability coverage vs. –54% that have coverage with employers groups of 501-1,000 employees. Health Insurance Association of America, Public Opinion Strategies, 2000

12. Distribution of Coverage Cambridge Group 1998 Study; Choice Benefits Presentation, UnumProvident, 2000 65% 67% 16% 19% 11% 22% Employer pays all ER and EE Employee pays all

13. The Need for Disability Coverage 16.2 million working people have a conditions which causes a work limitation That equals 10.5% of the population between the ages of 18-64 Chartbook on disability in the United States, 1998

14. Leading Causes of Short-Term Disability Pregnancy (normal)20% Pregnancy (complications) 9% Injuries (excluding back) 9% Back 8% Digestive/Intestinal 8% –Source: EF Moody

15. Leading Causes of Long-Term Disability Cancer13% Pregnancy Complications12% Back11% Cardiovascular 9% Mental/Depression 5% –Source: EF Moody

16. Top seven chronic conditions causing work limitations LaPlante & Carlson, 1996

17. Changes in Population In 2008, 40% of the labor force will be age 45 and older compared to 33% in 1998. This is an increase of almost 17 million workers.* The median age of the workforce in 1980 was 34. By 2005 this will increase to 41.*** The number of Baby Boomers will decrease from 79 million in 2000 to 19 million by 2046.** *Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review Online, July 2000 **Census Bureau, USA Today, July 2000 ***National Council on Compensation Insurance; Risk & Insurance, Aug. 2000 *Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review Online, July 2000 **Census Bureau, USA Today, July 2000 ***National Council on Compensation Insurance; Risk & Insurance, Aug. 2000

18. Demographic Trends in Disability Disability in adult population (ages 18 to 44) is increasing. Between the years 1990 and 2000; 16% increase in adults with a disability; mental impairments/asthma. The Social Security Administration predicts 37% increase in incidence of disability over the next 10 years due to the aging baby boomer generation - Spencers research reports on employee benefits Disability incidence continues to be higher for downsizing firms

19. Percent of population Increase/Decrease Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1995, Projections of Resident Population by Age, Sex and Race: 1995-2025

20. Advances in Medicine Conditions that used to be fatal may now cause extended disabilities and thus increase costs –Examples: Hypertension, Heart Disease, Diabetes There has been a shift in the nature of disabilities and new disabilities are on the rise –Examples: AIDS, Carpal Tunnel, Hepatitis C

21. Merging Disabilities Mental disorders collectively account for more than 15% of the overall burden of disease.* Major depression is predicted to be the single leading cause of disability in the world by 2020.* Back pain afflicts approximately 31 million Americans and is the number one cause of activity limitation in young adults.** *Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General; American Psychological Assoc., April & Aug. 2000 ** Yale University School of Medicine, 1998 *Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General; American Psychological Assoc., April & Aug. 2000 ** Yale University School of Medicine, 1998

22. Emerging Long Term Disabilities 1990-1998 UNUM Study, 1990-1998 Percentage of Increase

23. Other Notable Changes Due to economic downturns, the savings rate in the US has declined The number of mergers and layoffs has increased Full-time workers are beginning to take on part- time jobs 42% of full-time workers expect to provide elder care within the next 5 years, 1 in 4 already do* There has been a decrease in available public assistance *Ceridian Performance Partners: When work in Private Life Collide, 1997 Study of the Changing Workforce

24. New LTD & STD Claim Submissions Source: JHA 2000 U.S. Group Disability Rate Study & Risk Management Survey % of Total Claims

25. Demographic Trends in Disability Disability in adult population (ages 18 to 44) is increasing. Between the years 1990 and 2000; 16% increase in adults with a disability; mental impairments/asthma. The Social Security Administration predicts 37% increase in incidence of disability over the next 10 years due to the aging baby boomer generation - Spencers research reports on employee benefits Disability incidence continues to be higher for downsizing firms

26. Mergers and Layoffs Increase Job Displacement and Disruption American Demographics, April 1999

27. Market Effect of the Challenges Increase in benefit utilization –Increase in the number of claims filed on minor injuries due to worker perceptions in the workplace Disability durations and expenses will increase

28. The Cost of Disabilities Disability benefits amount to about 6% of a companys payroll & overtime and replacement workers account for nearly 6% more.* The direct cost of all time-off and disability benefits totaled 14.3% of payroll in 1999. For an employer with 5,000 employees earning an average of $40,000 a year, 14% of pay amounts to $5,600 per employee or $28 million.** *Watson Wyatt Worldwide; Wall Street Journal, Sept. 1999 ** Employers Time off and Disability Programs, William Mercer, Inc. Marsh USA Inc. 2000 *Watson Wyatt Worldwide; Wall Street Journal, Sept. 1999 ** Employers Time off and Disability Programs, William Mercer, Inc. Marsh USA Inc. 2000

29. The Hidden Cost of Disabilities Disability management costs (including claims management, EAPs, safety and wellness and return-to-work programs) equal $352 per employee and 13% of total disability costs.* In addition, disabilities account for daily lost productivity which is 150% of the employees daily compensation.** *UNUM Full Cost Study, 1997 **Improving Workforce Productivity Through IDM, Watson Wyatt Worldwide, 2000 *UNUM Full Cost Study, 1997 **Improving Workforce Productivity Through IDM, Watson Wyatt Worldwide, 2000

30. Average Direct Cost of Disability as a Percentage of Payroll Watson Wyatt WBGH Staying @ Work Survey, 1997

31. Questions?