1. The Future of the Electric Vehicle: Government’s Role. The Spanish Case by Imma Puig-Simon VI Energy Forum Sopot, 28-30 November 2011

2. 2 Index I. Electric Vehicle: A “déjà vu”? II. Strong Momentum Building III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case IV. Challenges Ahead

3. 3 Electric Vehicles (EV) as early as the first half of 19th Century, even before the appearance of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV). But failure to crack ICE monopoly… 1)Limited range. 2)Higher cost (more expensive than conventional cars). 3)Cheap oil. 4)Cheap mass production of ICE cars. 5)Short-lived periods of interested consumers and producers. Now, things are different: A momentum is building for the EV success, including Battery EV (BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid EV (PHEV). I. Electric Vehicle: A “déjà vu”?

4. 4 Index I. Electric Vehicle: A “déjà vu”? II. Strong Momentum Building III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case IV. Challenges Ahead

5. 5 Economics perspective: Mobility as a major driver of economic growth and social development. Need to improve road transport efficiency. Energy Perspective: Oil prices high and volatile. Need to reduce energy dependency (95% of road transport depends on fossil fuels (i.e. 47% of total worldwide petroleum consumption). Environmental Perspective: Highly polluted cities. Need to improve air quality in our cities (transport accounts for 28% of CO2 emissions in Europe, mainly GHG). Sociological Perspective: People accept “green cars”. Need to facilitate people’s knowledge about EV. Industry Perspective: Importance of automobile industry. Need to improve technology advances to make easier the transition to electrified transport society. Politics Perspective: International Commitments (i.e. EU Climate and Energy Package for 2020). National Governments need to achieve the established objectives. II. Strong Momentum Building

6. 6 Index I. Electric Vehicle: A “déjà vu”? II. Strong Momentum Building III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case IV. Challenges Ahead

7. 7 III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case ELECTRIC VEHICLE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROMOTION ACTION PLAN 2010 - 2012 ACTION PLAN 2012 - 2014

8. 8 III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case. COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE PROMOTION

9. 9 III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case How Spain will meet the 250.000 EV target? 4 lines of action: 1-Fostering Demand - Public and Private Fleets. -Support purchase of EVs for personal use. -Urban Benefits Program. 2-Industrialization and RDI -Program to foster EVs, its components and related equipment, development and production in Spain. -R+D+I Program. 3-Charging Infrastructure promotion & energy demand management - Program for Charging Infrastructure Deployment. -Program for energy demand management. 4-Transverse Programs -Communications & Strategic Mktng Actions. -Regulatory actions & legal barriers suppression. -Specialized professional trainning

10. 10 III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case Action Plan 2010 -2012: Movele Plan. Target 70.000 EV (20.000 in 2011 & 50.000 in 2012) and mobilization of public resources (590 M€). Monitoring results: Highlights. Line 1: Fostering demand (4) Action 01 – Subsidies (1,823 EV). Extended until December 2012. Action 02 – EU Directive 2009/33 transposition: arts. 105 and 106 LES (39 demands for EV public firms, 11% vs 18%e). Action 03 – Analyses of potential fleets (60.000 by 2014). Action 04 – Urban benefits of EV use (IDAE’s Guide www.movele.es) and MOVELE cities hallmark (IDAE-FEMP).www.movele.es

11. 11 III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case (…) Monitoring results Line 2: Industrialization and RDI (3) Action 05 – EV Dev’t and Industrialization Programs (41 projects, 100M€). Action 06 – ICT related to EV Support Programs (Avanza 2009-10: 12 projects, nearly 10M€; 35M€ for 2011-12). Action 07 – EV priority in RDI lines. Suport > 175M€. Line 3: Infrastructure and Energy Management (4) Action 08 – Agreement with GENCOS. No signature but working group. Action 09 – New “super-valley” tariff for off-peak electricity consumption. Action 10 – Intelligent Electricity Meter (time discrimination). Mandatory for Electricity Companies. Action 11 – Legal framework for EV Recharge Services (RD 647/2011: definition. 2 petitions). Action ## – Infrastructure Support. Co-operation agreements between IDAE and CCAA (9/17). Currently: 601 recharge stations distributed in 64 cities.

12. 12 III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case (…) Monitoring results Line 4: Transverse Measures (4) Action 12 – Strategic Marketing and Institutional Communications: specific brand, website, campaigns in sports events (tour 2011), fleet campaign, etc… Action 13 – Standardization of the recharge infrastructure elements. Participation at EU level. Action 14 – Standardization and Approval of EV and its components. Identifying barriers. Spain works within the UN framework. Action 15 – EV Related Education. Creating an education and training catalogue (WG in Foreve), some executive education and EV Engineering Masters Degree. CONCLUSIONS Implementation timing and process is correct. Quantitative goals not reached (time deferral of supply side).

13. 13 Index I. Electric Vehicle: A “déjà vu”? II. Strong Momentum Building III. Government’s Role: The Spanish Case IV. Challenges Ahead

14. 14 Nothing surprising… a)Market Acceptance a)Affordability a)Technical viability a)Charging infrastructure availability a)Electricity generation capacity a)Technology and product harmonization IV. Challenges Ahead