1. Transient Thermal Analysis Workshop 6.2

2. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-2 Workshop 6.2 - Goals In this workshop, we will analyze the electrically heated base typical of consumer steam irons like the one shown below.

3. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-3 Workshop 6.2 - Assumptions Assumptions: The heating element contacts and transfers heat to the base using the pattern shown here Upon initial startup a heat flux of 0.001 W/mm 2 is applied until a steady state is reached Heating follows a 30 second step cycle of 0 to 0.003 W/mm 2 after steady state is reached The analysis will begin with the steady state solution and proceed through the cyclic loading described above

4. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-4 Workshop 6.2 - Start Page From the launcher start Simulation. Choose “Geometry > From File... “ and browse to the file “Iron.x_t”. When DS starts, close the Template menu by clicking the ‘X’ in the corner of the window.

5. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-5 Workshop 6.2 - Preprocessing Change the part material to “Polyethylene”: 1.Highlight “Part1” 2.In the Detail window “Material” field “Import...” 3.“Choose” material “Stainless Steel” 1 2 3 4.Set the working units to (mm, kg, N, C, s, mV, mA) “Tools > Units” menu choose 4

6. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-6 Workshop 6.2 - Environment 5.Select surface representing the heating element on the face of the iron 6.“RMB > Insert > Heat Flux”. 7.Set “Magnitude” field to 0.001 W/mm 2 7 5 6

7. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-7... Workshop 6.2 - Environment 8.Select the bottom surface (opposite the heat flux side) and 6 side surfaces of the iron (7 faces) 9.“RMB > Insert > Convection” 10.Change to “Temperature Dependent” 11.Choose “Import” in the correlation field 12.Select “Stagnant Air – Vertical Planes1” 13.Set ambient temperature to 20 deg. C 8 9 12 11 10 13

8. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-8... Workshop 6.2 - Environment 14.Select the 2 surfaces surrounding the heated surface 15.“RMB > Insert > Convection” 16.Change to “Temperature Dependent” 17.Choose “Import” in the correlation field 18.Select “Stagnant Air – Vertical Planes” 19.Set ambient temperature to 40 deg. C 14 15 18 16 17

9. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-9 Workshop 6.2 - Solution Add temperature and total heat flux results. 20.Highlight the Solution branch. 21.“RMB > Insert > Thermal > Temperature”, repeat for total heat flux 22.Solve 22 20 21

10. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-10 Workshop 6.2 - Results A review of the results shows the maximum steady state temperature is approximately 51.7 degrees C The worksheet view of the environment shows that an energy balance has been achieved –Convection1 + Convection2 ≈ 5.2 W –Applied Load = 0.001W/mm 2 * Area Area ≈ 5276 mm

11. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-11 Workshop 6.2 – Transient Solution 23.Highlight the “Temperature” result, RMB > “Generate Transient Environment with Initial Condition” 23 The result is, the steady state environment is duplicated and the new branch automatically setup as a thermal transient run –Notice the new branch contains an “initial condition” branch and a “transient settings” branch

12. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-12 Workshop 6.2 – Transient Setup 24.Begin the transient setup by specifying an end time of 180 seconds for the analysis in the toolbar 25.Inspection of the initial condition details shows no action is required. The steady state (non-uniform) temperature result from the “Environment” branch is mapped to the transient branch 24 25

13. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-13... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup 26.Highlight “Heat Flux” in the Thermal Transient branch 27.In the heat flux detail change “Define As” to “Load History” 28.In the “History Data” field choose “New Load History... “ 26 27 28

14. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-14... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup The Engineering Data application will open and a new “Heat Flux vs. Time” chart/graph will be created Enter the time and load data as shown on the next page

15. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-15... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup 29.Enter time and load information as described in the problem statement –30 second increments –0.003 W/mm 2 Heat Flux 29

16. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-16... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup 30.Highlight the “Transient Settings” branch 31.Toggle off all items but “Heat Flux” in the “Visible” and “Active” columns of the Timeline Legend Control 31 30 Notice the automatic time steps are based on the end time: Initial = ET/100, Min = ET/1000, Max = ET/10 Leave time steps as default

17. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-17... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Setup Toggling off all but the heat flux allows easier inspection of the timeline chart in this case Since the heat flux is the only load defined as a “non-constant” it will have the only influence on the placement of the automatic step resets Reset points As expected, each reset point coincides with an inflection point on the load history

18. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-18 Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results 32.Solve the thermal transient branch When the solution is complete, results can be reviewed just as with steady state solutions 33.Highlight the quantity of interest to plot 31 33 32

19. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-19... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results 34.To review results from specific time points, LMB in the timeline chart to locate the time of interest 35.RMB > Retrieve Results 35 34

20. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-20... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results Notice, when a new time point is selected in the time line, the result detail is displayed in red until the results matching the time selection are retrieved Plotting the “Global Maximum” temperature from the Solution Information branch shows the model has not reached a cyclic equilibrium

21. Workshop Supplement Transient Thermal Analysis August 26, 2005 Inventory #002266 WS6.2-21... Workshop 6.2 - Transient Results Using the Probe Tool allows individual parts of the model to be evaluated over time Multiple Probes can be plotted on the same graph Single Probe Multiple Probes